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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2011;4(4):101-109
Koruyucu Psikiyatri ve Sosyal Hizmet
I Bulut
Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ankara
Sosyal hizmet, alanında yetişmiş profesyonel elemanlar aracığı ile bilimsel bilgi çerçevesinde birey, grup ve toplumun kendi ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaları ve sorunlarını çözmelerinde onlara yardım eden; insan davranışı ve sosyal sistemlere yönelik teorileri kullanarak insanların çevreleri ile ilişkilerine müdahale eden ve gerektiğinde çevreyi insanlar yararına değiştirme yönünde çalışmalar yapan bir disiplin ve meslektir. Sosyal hizmetin sorun ortaya çıkmadan gerekli müdahaleleri yapmayı hedefleyen koruyucu-önleyici, sorun ortaya çıktıktan sonra da rehabilite ve ıslah edici fonksiyonları vardır. Sorun ortaya çıktıktan sonra gerçekleştirilen sorun çözücü uygulamalar, diğer bir yönü ile sorunun devamlılık kazanmaması, büyümemesi için önleyici müdahaleler olarak görülebilir. Sosyal Hizmetin doğasına yönelik yapılan bu açıklamalar, koruyucu psikiyatri ile sosyal hizmetin hedeflerinin örtüştüğünü göstermektedir. Sağlık kavramını ?biyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal iyilik hali? olarak tanımladığımızda psikososyal iyilik halinin sağlanmasında sosyal hizmetin önemi yadsınamaz. Sosyal hizmet ruh hastalıklarının birincil, ikincil ve üçüncül önlemesinde gerek birey ve aile, gerekse topluma yönelik eğitim ve sosyal sağaltım çalışmalarının gerçekleştirilmesinde önemli görevler üstlenir. Batı ülkelerinde ruh hastalığının önlenmesi ve sağaltımında çoğunlukla klinik veya psikiyatrik alanda uzmanlaşmış sosyal hizmet mensupları çalışmaktadır.
Preventive Psychiatry and Social Work
The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilising theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Social work has preventive function regarding the necessary interventions that prevents the problem before being emerged; rehabilitative and treative function after the problem has arised; and problem solving function in order to stop the continuity of the problem. These explanations reflecting the nature of social work show the overlaping aims of preventive psychiatry and social work. When the concept of health is defined as ?a biological, psychological and social state of well-being?, the importance of social work arises in achieving psycho-social well-being. Social work has important roles in prevention of mental health problems at primary, secondary and tertiary levels and implementation of educational and social treatment practices for individuals, families and the whole community. In Western societies, social workers specialized in the areas of clinic and psychiatric social work are mostly take place in the prevention and treatment of mental health problems.

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