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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2011;4(4):32-35
Koruyucu Psikiyatri Açısından Ruhsal Travma
AT Aker, N Üzer, G Şentürk
Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Kocaeli, Türkiye
Ruhsal travmatik olaylar, kişilerin yaşamsal bütünlüğünü tehdit eden, bu yaşantı sırasında korku, dehşet ve çaresizlik gibi tepkileri ortaya çıkaran olağandışı durumlardır. Ruhsal travmatik olaylar üç başlıkta ele alınmaktadır. Deprem, sel gibi doğal kaynaklı olaylar, insan elinden kasıtlı olarak ortaya çıkan taciz, tecavüz, fiziksel saldırılar ve kazalar. Ülkemiz ise doğal kaynaklı deprem, sel, toprak kayması gibi olaylardan afet boyutunda etkilenmektedir. Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB), afetlerden sonra yaygın olarak karşılaşılan ve yeti yitimine yol açan en önemli psikolojik sorunların başında gelmektedir. Ruhsal travmatik olaylar sonrası ortaya çıkan bozukluklar, erken dönemde tanımlanmaz ve müdahale edilmezse kalıcı bir sağlık sorunu haline gelebilir. Bu sebeple yaşanılan felaketin etkilerinin uzun yıllar hissedileceği öngörülebilir. Bu yazı da koruyucu psikiyatri uygulamaları açısından doğal kaynaklı afetlerin oluşturduğu ruhsal travma ele alınacaktır. Psikososyal müdahalelerin etkin bir şekilde uygulanması ve afetin ruhsal açıdan olumsuz etkilerinin en az zararla atlatılması, belirtilerin süregenleşmesini engellemek için neler yapılabileceği tartışılacaktır.
Psychological Trauma in Terms of Preventive Medicine
Psychological traumatic events are unusual events that threaten people's physical integrity and cause feelings of intense fear, helplessness or horror. Psychological traumatic events can be classified under three headings: (1) natural traumas such as earthquakes and floods (2) man-made traumas such as physical assault and rape (3) accidents. Our country has faced many natural disasters in the form of earthquakes, floods and land slides. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of the major psychological problems, which are commonly seen after disasters, with a potential to cause disability. If the disorders that are observed after the psychological traumatic events are not recognized and managed accordingly during the early phases, they might turn into permanent health problems. Therefore, we might predict that the effects of the disasters can be felt for many [year]s to come. In this paper, psychological traumas caused by natural disasters will be addressed within the context of preventive psychiatric practices. Furthermore, an effective use of psychosocial interventions and the means to facilitate recovery from the disaster's psychological negative impact with minimum damage in order to prevent chronicity of the symptoms will be discussed.

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