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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 38; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Psikoloji Çalışmaları; 2018;38(2):259-288
Utanç ve Suçluluk Duygularının Bilişsel Psikoloji Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi
S Söylemez, M Koyuncu, S Amado
Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir
Sosyal duygular olarak sınıflandırılan utanç ve suçluluk, toplumdan dışlanma tehlikesi içeren durumlarda kişinin davranışlarını düzenleyen uyarıcı sinyal veya fizyolojik bir ceza olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Birçok patolojide rol sahibi olan bu duygular bilişle yakın bir ilişkiye sahiptir. Hem günlük hayattaki işlevleri, uyumsal ve fizyolojik özellikleri hem de sahip oldukları evrimsel özellikleri ve nörobilişsel yapıları utanç ve suçluluk duygularının bilişsel yapılarla olan ilişkisine dikkat çekmektedir. Bununla birlikte, mevcut çalışmalarda bu duyguların bilişsel etkileri bakımından temel duygular kadar ele alınmadığı görülmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında utanç ve suçluluk duygularının tanıtılması ve bilişsel psikoloji alanı için öneminin vurgulanması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, öncelikle mevcut alanyazın çerçevesinde söz konusu duyguların temel duygulardan ve birbirlerinden nasıl farklılaştıklarından bahsedilmiştir. Sonrasında ise, utanç ve suçluluk duygularının önemini vurgulamak ve sahip oldukları işlevleri anlamak adına evrimsel kaynaklardan faydalanılmıştır. Bu duyguların bilişle ilişkisini beyinde sahip oldukları uzantılar temelinde değerlendirmek üzere ise konuyla ilgili mevcut nörobilişsel çalışmalardan faydalanılmıştır. Derlemenin sonunda ise, bilişsel psikoloji alanında konuyla ilgili ele alınan örnek çalışmalar değerlendirilmiş ve bu duyguların Türkiye’de psikolojinin hangi konularıyla ilişkili olarak ele alındığının kısa bir özeti sunulmuştur. Bu derleme çalışmasının utanç ve suçluluk duygularını ele alacak sonraki çalışmalarda daha kapsamlı bir yaklaşım sergilenmesi ve söz konusu duyguların bilişsel özelliklerinin daha fazla göz önünde bulundurulması açısından katkı sağlaması umut edilmektedir.
Evaluation of Shame and Guilt Emotions in the Scope of Cognitive Psychology
Shame and guilt, which are classified as social emotions, are evaluated like a warning signal or a physiological punishment that regulates behavior during a social exclusion danger. These emotions play a key role in many psychological issues and are closely related to cognitive psychology. Besides the functions of shame and guilt in daily life, their adaptive and physiological characteristics, evolutionary features, and neurological structures draw attention to the relationship between these emotions and cognitive structures. However, in existing studies of cognitive psychology, these emotions have not been processed as extensively as basic emotions. In this review, shame and guilt emotions are introduced and their relation with cognitive psychology is tried to be emphasized. The literature reports that these emotions differ from basic emotions and from each other. Evolutionary sources are used to emphasize the importance of the feelings of shame and guilt and understand the functions they possess. Neurocognitive resources are utilized to evaluate the relation of these emotions with cognition on the basis of their extensions in the brain. At the end of the review, existing studies on shame and guilt in cognitive psychology are addressed. A brief summary about which subjects in relation to these emotions have been studied in Turkey in relation to these emotions is presented. This review concludes that a comprehensive approach needs to be adapted in future studies while discussing shame and guilt by considering cognitive properties of these emotions.

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