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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikoloji Özel Dergisi; 2018;3(2):22-31
Kanser Tanısı Alan Hastalarda Psikososyal Süreçler
G Dirik, C Yastıbaş
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir
Kanser çağımızın ciddi ve görülme oranı yüksek hastalıklarından biridir ve hastaların yaşamlarının pek çok alanını önemli düzeyde etkilemektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında kanser hastalarının yaşadığı psikososyal süreçler ve uygulanan psikolojik müdahalelerin kısaca gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kanser tanısı ve kanser tedavilerinin yan etkileri, hastalarda psikososyal uyum sorunları, sosyal içe çekilme, depresyon, kaygı, düşük yaşam kalitesi ve ağrı, yorgunluk gibi fiziksel belirtilerle birlikte tedavi tamamlandıktan sonra da kanserin tekrarlanma korkusu gibi olumsuz bir takım psikososyal sorunlara yol açabilmektedir. Kanser tanısına yönelik tepkilerin kanser hastalığının gidişatını etkilediği görülmekle birlikte kansere yönelik hastaların algıları da psikososyal süreçleri şekillendirebilmektedir. İlgili kuramlar doğrultusunda yapılan araştırmalar hastaların kanserden koruyucu sağlık davranışları ve davranış değişikliği gerçekleştirmesinde niyet, inanç ve tutumlarının etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bilişsel-davranışçı terapi, farkındalık temelli müdahaleler ve kabul ve kararlılık terapisi kanser hastalarına uygulanan terapi yaklaşımlarından bazılarıdır. Kanser hastalarının yaşadıkları sorunlar için uygulanan bu psikolojik müdahalelerin etkili çözümler sunabildiği tespit edilmiştir.
Psychosocial Processes in Cancer Patients
Cancer is one of the most serious diseases with a high rate of incidence in this age and it significantly affects various parts of patients' lives. In this review study, it was aimed to briefly overview the psychosocial processes that cancer patients go through and the psychological interventions. Diagnosis of cancer and the side effects of its treatments along with the physical symptoms such as pain and fatique, and psychosocial adjustment problems, social withdrawal, depression, anxiety, low life quality can lead to some negative psychosocial problems even after the treatment is over. Along with the fact that the reactions against diagnosis of cancer influence the cancer process, patients' perceptions toward cancer can also shape the psychosocial processes. Studies on related theories indicate that patients' intention, belief and attitudes are effective in fulfilling protective health behaviors and behavioral change for cancer. Cognitive behavioral therapy, Mindfulness-based interventions and Acceptance and Commitment therapy are some of the therapeutic approaches that are applied to cancer patients. Evidence suggests that these psychological interventions that are applied to the problems of cancer patients can present effective solutions.

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