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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2017;10(2):65-71
Transkraniyal Manyetik Uyarımın Kısa Tarihçesi
H Bulut, GH Sayar
Büyükçekmece Devlet Hastanesi, İstanbul
Transkraniyal manyetik uyarım (TMU) beynin kafatası dışından invazif olmayan yollarla uyarımına izin veren nörofizyolojik bir tekniktir. Yaklaşık 30 yıldır araştırma, tanı ya da tedavi amaçlı olarak psikiyatride kullanılmaktadır. Elektroensefalografi, pozitron emisyon tomografi, fonksiyonel MR gibi görüntüleme teknikleri ile birlikte kullanılabilmekte ve beynin konnektivitesi, uyarılabilirliği, plastisitesi hakkında bilgi vermektedir. Günümüzdekine benzeyen ilk transkraniyal beyin uyarım cihazı 1985 yılında Anthony Barker ve ark. tarafından geliştirilmiştir. O tarihten bu yana TMU çeşitli önemli gelişim aşamaları göstermiştir. Bu gözden geçirme yazısında TMU'nun tarihsel gelişimi hakkında bilgi verilecektir.
Brief History of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a neurophysiologic technique that allows for noninvasive stimulation of the human brain. It is in use of research, diagnostic and treatment purposes for almost 30 years. Transcranial magnetic stimulation can be combined with various imaging methodologies eg, electroencephalography, positron emission tomography or functional MRI and provide information related to brain connectivity, excitability and plastisity. The first reliable transcranial magnetic brain stimulator was developed by Anthony Barker and colleagues and was introduced to the world in 1985. Since that time, transcranial magnetic stimulation has gone through several major stages of development. This article provides an overview of the history of transcranial magnetic stimulation.

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