Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2013; Cilt: 26; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Düşünen Adam: Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi; 2013;26(1):65-71
Kadın Sığınma Evinde Yaşayan Kadınlar İle Şiddet Gördüğü Evde Yaşamaya Devam Eden Kadınların Bağlanma Biçimlerinin Ve Ruhsal Belirti Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
M Gezen, TE Oral
İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Şehzadebaşı Tıp Merkezi, İstanbul
Amaç: Türkiye’de yapılan araştırmalarda, her üç kadından birinin eşinden şiddet gördüğüne, aile içi şiddete uğrayan kadınların %25’inin hayatını kaybettiğine ve son yedi yılda kadın cinayetlerinin yüzde 1400 oranında arttığına yönelik bulgular, sorunun önemini göstermektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, kadın sığınma evinde yaşayan fiziksel şiddet görmüş kadınlar ile eşiyle birlikte yaşayan fiziksel şiddet görmüş kadınların bağlanma biçimleri ve ruhsal belirti düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Bu araştırmanın örneklemini, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Psikolojik Danışmanlık Merkezlerinden hizmet alan, eşi ile birlikte yaşamaya devam eden, fiziksel şiddet görmüş 40 kadın ile İstanbul’da üç ayrı kadın sığınma evinde bulunan, fiziksel şiddet görmüş 41 kadın oluşturmuştur. Belirti Tarama Listesi (SCL-90), İlişki Ölçekleri Anketi ve sosyo-demografik form kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan kadınların ruhsal belirtileri incelendiğinde, her iki grupta bulunan kadınların somatizasyon, obsesif kompülsif özellikler, kişilerarası duyarlılık, depresyon, kaygı, öfke-düşmanlık, fobik anksiyete, paranoid düşünce, psikotizm, uyku ve yeme bozuklukları ve suçluluk duyguları ile ilgili belirtiler ve genel belirti düzeyinin yüksek düzeyde olduğu görülmektedir. Katılımcıların ruhsal belirtileri ve bağlanma stilleri arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde, güvenli bağlanma ile obsesif-kompülsif özellikler, kişilerarası duyarlılık, depresyon, kaygı, öfke-düşmanlık, fobik anksiyete, paranoid düşünce, psikotizm ve genel belirti düzeyi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve ters yönlü ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Kadın sığınma evinde yaşayan ve şiddet görmüş kadınlar ile eşiyle birlikte yaşayan ve şiddet görmüş kadınların bağlanma biçimleri arasında istatistiksel bir fark bulunmamış; ancak eşinden şiddet gördükten sonra evi en az bir kez terk eden grubun güvenli bağlanma düzeyi, eşinden şiddet gördükten sonra evi hiç terk etmemiş olan gruba kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, güvenli bağlanan şiddet görmüş kadınlarda, ruhsal belirtiler de daha az görülmektedir. Sonuçta, güvenli bağlanma kadınların eşlerinden gördükleri şiddetle başa çıkmasını kolaylaştıran bir unsur olarak öne çıkmaktadır.
Attachment styles and degree of the psychological symptoms in women staying in a shelter for battered women or in their home where they were exposed to violence
Objective: Surveys in Turkey revealed that one third of women were exposed to physical violence by their partners and 25% of them lost their lives. The rate of murdered women in the last seven years has increased more than 1400 times. These findings display the importance of the problem. This research has been planned to put forward the attachment styles and identify the psychological symptom levels of women who were subject to violence and living at shelters, and women who were living with their spouses. Methods: The sample of this study consists of 40 women who were subject to physical violence and continue to live with their spouses in the service area of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Counseling Centers, and 40 women who were subject to physical violence and living in three women’s shelters in Istanbul. Symptom Check List (SCL-90), Relationship Scales Questionnaire and socio-demographic form were used for research. Results: The comparison between these two groups were examined. Levels of symptoms related with somatization, obsessive-compulsive features, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, anger-hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, sleep and eating disorders, feelings of guilt were found high in both groups. The relationship between secured attachment styles and obsessive-compulsive features, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, anger-hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychotic and general symptom profiles showed statistically significant negative correlation. Conclusion: According to attachment styles, there were no significant statistical differences between women exposed to violence and living at women’s shelters and women who are exposed to violence but still living with their husbands; but the secure attachment style is higher in whom left their home at least once after the violence, comparing to women who never left the house. Besides, psychological symptoms were lower in women who were exposed to violence and had a secure attachment. Therefore, secure attachment style is a component for women to handle husband violence. Key words: Attachment, psychological symptom, violence, woman

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