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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Güncel Psikiyatri ve Psikonörofarmakoloji; 2011;1(3):5-16
Incidence, Reasons And Clinical Outcome Of Switching From A Second Generation Antipsychotic Monotherapy To Another One In Schizophrenic Patients: A Multi-Centre, Cross-Sectional, Prospective, Observational Study Across Turkey
E Isik, M Atmaca, N Dilbaz, N Kargi, H Adiguzel, STARS Study Group
Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri AD, Ankara
Amaç: Şizofreni hastalarında ikinci jenerasyon antipsikotik (İJA) ilaç değişimi insidansı, nedenleri ve klinik sonuçlarının belirlenmesi.
Yöntem: Türkiye genelinde 38 tıp merkezinde 11 Kasım 2008 ile 12 Temmuz 2009 yılları arasında, şizofreni hastalarında İJA ilaç değişimi
insidansı, nedenleri ve klinik sonuçlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilen, 3 ardışık vizitli, 6 ay izlemli bu girişimsel olmayan,
gözlemsel hastalık kayıt çalışmasına toplam hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, fizik muayene bulguları, vital bulgular, eşlik
eden hastalıklar ve ilaçlarla ilgili tıbbi öyküleri, şizofreni hastalarının klinik profili, antipsikotik ilaçlar, İJA değiştirme insidansı ve nedenleri
ve antipsikotik değişiminin klinik duruma [Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) ve Clinical Global Impression (CGI) ölçeği ile]
etkisi her vizitte değerlendirildi. İzlem vizitlerinde güvenlilik değerlendirmesi İJA tedavisi ile ilişkili advers olay bildirimleri aracılığıyla yapıldı.
Bulgular: Bulgularımıza göre, çalışmaya alınan şizofreni hastalarının ortalama (standart sapma; SS) yaşı 36.3 (10.6) yıl, hastaların çoğu
erkek (59.5%) ve erkek hastaları kadınlardan anlamlı derecede daha gençti. Çalışma hastalarının %53.7'si nde esas tanı paranoid şizofreni
idi. Örneklemimizin %53.7'si aktif sigara içenlerden oluşuyordu ve %32.92unda ailede psikoz öyküsü pozitifti. Vücut kitle indeksi normal
sınırlar içinde idi (ortalama (SS) = 26.8 (4.8) kg/m2) ve izlem boyunca vücut ağırlığında anlamlı değişiklik gözlenmedi. İşsizlik yaygındı
(74.0%), hastaların yaklaşık %8'inde arteriyel hipertansiyon veya dislipidemi mevcuttu; antihipertansif kullanımı tüm eşlik eden ilaçların
%40?ı kadardı. İlk tanı yaşı 26.9 (8.5) yıl, antpsikotik kullanım süresi 8.6 (6.9) yıl idi. Takip vizitlerinde, en sık olarak etkisizlik nedeniyle sırasıyla
hastaların %86.6, 6.3 ve 4.4'ü nde İJA değişimi yapıldığı belirlendi. İkinci kez ilaç değişimine gerek duyulanlar dışında, izlem boyunca
CGI (her CGI-I, hem de CGI-S'de ) anlamlı iyileşme görüldü.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, İJA monoterapisi ve olası İJA değişimi paternlerinin incelendiği, Türkiye'de ki bu ilk gözlemsel çalışma olan bu 6 aylık
gerçek yaşam koşullarında gerçekleştirilen araştırma, Türkiye'de ki bu şizofreni hastası örnekleminde, İJA monoterapisinin semptomların
şiddetini azaltmada ve hastaların genel fonksiyonlarını iyileştirmede yüksek derec ede etkili olduğuna ve hastalar tarafından çok iyi tolere
edildiğine işaret etti. Bizim sonuçlarımıza göre, kullanılmakta olan bir İJA'nın bir diğeri ile değiştirilmesinin, izlemin ilk 2 ayı içinde ikinci
kez ilaç değişimi gereksinimi olanlar dışında semptomatik ve fonksiyonel iyileşme üzerine olumsuz bir etkisi olmuyor gibi görünmektedir.
Dolayısıyla, antipsikotik tedavinin sık değiştirilmesi ile etkisizlik ve klinik kötüleşme kısır döngüsü riski olasılığını çürütememiştir. Her bir hastadaki
terapötik yanıt ve advers etkilerin öngörülebilmesine yönelik ileri çalışmalar, gerçek yaşam koşullarındaki uygulamalarda antipsikotik
tedaviye devam eden ve ilaç değiştirenlerdeki heterojenlikle ilgili anlayışımızı artıracaktır.
Anahtar kelimeler:
Incidence, Reasons And Clinical Outcome Of Switching From A Second Generation Antipsychotic Monotherapy To Another One In Schizophrenic Patients: A Multi-Centre, Cross-Sectional, Prospective, Observational Study Across Turkey
Objectives: To determine incidence, reasons and clinical outcome of switching from one second generation antipsychotics (SGA)
monotherapy to another among schizophrenic patients.
Methods: A total of 561 eligible patients were included in this non-interventional, observational, disease registry study conducted
between dates of 11 November 2008 and 12 July 2009 at 38 medical centers across Turkey in order to evaluate the incidence,
reasons and clinical outcome of switching from one SGA monotherapy to another among schizophrenic patients followed up for 6
[month]s in 3 consecutive visits. Patient demographics, physical examination and vital signs, medical history for concomitant diseases
and medications, clinical profile of schizophrenic patients, antipsychotic agents, incidence of and reason for switching of the SGA
mono-therapy and the impact of antipsychotic switching on clinical status [via Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the
Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI)] were assessed in each visit. Safety evaluation included report of adverse events related to SGA
therapy during follow-up visits.
Results: According to our findings, mean (standard deviation; SD) age of schizophrenic patients was 36.3 (10.6) [year]s, most of
them were males (59.5%) who were significantly younger than females included in the study. The principle diagnosis was paranoid
schizophrenia in 53.7% of the study patients. Active smokers composed 53.7% and positive family history of psychosis was evident
in 32.9% of our sample. Body mass index was in normal range (mean (SD) = 26.8 (4.8) kg/m2) and no significant alteration in body
weight was determined during the follow-up. Unemployment was common (74.0%), arterial hypertension or dyslipidemia was evident
in almost 8% of the patients leading antihypertensives to comprise 40% of overall concomitant medications. Age at first diagnosis
was 26.9(8.5) [year]s and the duration of antipsychotic treatment for 8.6 (6.9) [year]s. Switching from one SGA monotherapy to another
was identified in 86.6, 6.3 and 4.4% of the patients in the consecutive visits due to ineffectiveness, most commonly. Significant
improvement in CGI (both CGI-severity and CGI-improvement) and PANNS scores was evident during follow up, unless switching was
performed twice.
Conclusions: In conclusion, being the first observational study performed in Turkey for the evaluation of SGA monotherapy and
possible switching patterns, this 6- [month], naturalistic observational trial pointed out the high tolerability and effectiveness of SGA
monotherapy in reducing the severity of symptoms and in improving general functioning among a Turkish sample of schizophrenic
patients. As far as our results concerned, switching of ongoing SGA for another SGA agent seems not to have an unfavorable effect on
the symptomatic and functional improvement, unless consecutive switching was performed within the first 2 [month]s of the follow-up
period. Hence our findings do not rule out the risk of further ineffectiveness and a vicious circle resulting in clinical deterioration associated
with frequent switch in antipsychotic therapy. Future studies concerning each individual's likelihood for therapeutic response or
adverse effects will enhance our understanding of heterogeneity encountered discriminatively in stayers and switchers of antipsychotic
therapy in the real life practice.

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