The aim of this article is, after having presented Jean Bergeret to the reader, to start from the central text of this author on the borderline states published in la revue franÁaise de Psychanalyse (the french journal of Psychoanalysis) at 1970. Then we will define his own ìgenetico-structuralî perspective in the field of psychopathology. We will parallelly define two other central concepts in his theorisation: normal personality and then the concept of decompensation. We will consider afterwards on the basis of which constants he defines the concept of borderline psycho(patho)logical organisation in comparison to neurotic and psychotic organisations. These constants are four: the nature of the dominant anxiety of the subject, the nature of the object relation, the nature of the defence mecanisms and the nature of the specific conflicts experienced by the subject. Then we will examine in which manner his theorisation of borderline state differs both from other theorisations put forward in american psychoanalysis (Kernberg) and in psychiatry (Scharbach) regarding the same concept. Afterwards we will underline the original contributions of J.Bergeret to the contemporary psychoanalysis as much on the theoretical ground as that of the therapeutic application. This last one indeed requires specific arrangements in borderline states. Finally we will undertake a critical discussion of his theory as a whole -which will lead us to analyse the clinical arguments pleading in favor of the pertinence of the concept - by resuming the objections that have been addressed to the structural perspective in psychoanalysis.