Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: Ek 2>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(Ek 2):68-69
Küreselleşme, sağlık ve tıp eğitimi
FN Ayoğlu
Karaelmas Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı, Zonguldak
Küreselleşme olarak adlandırılan neoliberal ekonomi politikalarının (NEP) temeli Fordist üretim modelinin esnek üretim modeline dönüştürülmesi, yeni pazarlara ve üretim alanlarına ulaşarak sermayenin karlılığını sürdürmektir. Bu sürecin hedeflerinden biri de sağlık hizmetlerini bir ticari sektör haline dönüştürmektir. Dünya genelinde, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde NEP’nin politikalarının en önemli destekleyicisi bu ülkelerde sağlık yatırımlarının en büyük dış destekleyicisi olan Dünya Bankasıdır. Küreselleşme sürecinin ana sonuçları sağlık hizmetlerine ulaşımın azalması ve sağlık eşitsizlikleridir. Bu sürecin en yoğunluklu etkisi sağlık hizmet-lerine en çok gereksinim duyan yoksul sosyal sınıflarda gözlenmektedir.

Türkiye’de NEP’ye geçiş 24 Ocak 1980 kararları ile başlatılmıştır. Sağlık çalışanlarının reel gelirlerinde azalma, kamu hastanelerinin özerk işletmeye dönüştürülmesi, kullanıcı ödentileri, sağlık çalışanlarının özellikle hekimlerin gelirlerinin döner sermaye ve performans temelli desteklenmesi, özel sektörün teşviki, sosyal güvence sahiplerinin özel sektörden yararlanma hakkı, taşeron hizmetlerin yaygınlaşması, sağlık hizmetlerinin toplumsal fayda yerine maliyet-karlılık analizi ile değerlendirilmesi bu sürecin sadece sonuçları değil, aynı zamanda dikkat çekici bazı örnekleridir.

Günümüzde bireylerin ve toplumun sağlığını tehdit eden en önemli sağlık sorunu NEP ve eşitsizlik yaratan sonuçlarıdır. NEP’nin iç ve dış dinamiklerinin anlaşılması ise sonuçların ve çözüm seçeneklerinin belirlenmesinde başlangıç noktası niteliğindedir.
Globalization, health and medical education
The main aim of neoliberal economy politics (NEP) that called by globalization is to turn Fordist production model into a flexible production model and to continue the maximum profitability of capital by accessing the new marketing and producing areas. The spacial target of globalization process on health is to turn governmental health enterprises into a commercial companies and privatization of health care services. In the world-wide, especially in the developing countries, the most important and forcible supporter of NEP is World Bank the greater external founder of health investments in these countries. The main results of globalization process are reduction on utilization to health care services, and health inequities. Major effects of this globalization process occur among poor social classes have clear necessity to health care services.

In Turkey, transition to NEP was started by 24th January 1980 decisions. Reduction on real in-come of health workers, turning governmental hospitals into an autonomous enterprises, user fees, supporting to income of health workers with basis on circulating capital and performance especially for physicians, applications on encouraging private health sector, utilization to private health enterprises right for the people have govenmental social insurence, extension of subcontracted health care services, evaluating the health care services with cost-benefit analyses instead of social utility, are not only results, but also notewortly examples for internal dynamics of globalization process in Turkey.

Today, the most important health problem that threatening to individual and social health status is NEP and its results occur health inequities. Understanding the internal and external dynamics of NEP is an important starting point for determining the results and solution alternatives.

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