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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türkiye'de Psikiyatri; 2009;11(1):35-38
Risperidone ve Olanzapin?in Birlikte Kullanımına Bağlı Gelişen Bir Nöroleptik Malign Sendrom Olgusu
N Kuğu, M Semiz, O Doğan, O Kavakcı, G Yontar
Cumhuriyet Üniv. Tıp Fak. Psikiyatri ABD, Sivas
Nöroleptik Malign Sendrom (NMS), antipsikotik tedavilerin nadir fakat ölümcül bir yan etkisi olup yüksek
ateş, kas rijiditesi, ruhsal durumda değişme, otonomik işlevlerde bozulma, serum kreatin fosfokinaz
(CPK)'da artış ve lökositozla belirlidir. Bu yazıda 23 yaşında ve mental retardasyonu bulunan bir bayan olguda
psikotik ajitasyonu kontrol altına almak amacıyla başlanan yüksek doz risperidon ve olanzapin'i n birlikte
kullanımından üç gün sonra yüksek ateş, kaslarda rijidite, konuşmama, yürüme ve yutma güçlüğü, yönelim
bozukluğu, idrar inkontinansı gibi belirtilerle kendini gösteren NMS sunulmuştur. Hastanın laboratuar
tetkiklerinde serum CPK'da artış ve lökositoz dışında anormal bir bulgu saptanmadı. NMS tanısı konulan
hastaya parenteral destek tedavisi başlandı. Hidrasyonu ve beslenmesi sağlandı. Bromokriptin 12.5 mg/
gün p.o başlandı ve dantrolen 40 mg tek doz parenteral uygulandı. Daha sonra tedaviye lorazepam 2 mg/
gün eklendi. Klinik tablonun düzelmesi üzerine bromokriptin tedavisi sonlandırılan hastaya on gün beklendikten
sonra psikotik ajitasyonun tekrar ön plana geçmesi üzerine ketiapin 300 mg/gün başlandı.
Bu olgu, mental retardasyonu veya organik bir beyin bozukluğu olan hastalarda artan NMS riski nedeniyle
antipsikotik ilaçların çok dikkatli kullanılması, antipsikotik kullanımında tek ilacın tercih edilmesi, yüksek doz
veya i.m ya da depo preparatlardan kaçınılması ve dozlarda ani değişiklikler yapılmaması gerekliliğini göstermektedir.
A Case of Neuroleptic Malign Syndrome Caused by Combination of Risperidone and Olanzapine
Neuroleptic malign syndrome (NMS), is a rare but fatal side effect of antipshycotic drugs which presents with fever, muscle rigidity, change in
mental status, autonomic dysfunction, leucocytosis and elevated serum creatine phospho kinase (CPK) levels. In this article a NMS case is presented,
which manifested itself with symptoms such as high fever, muscle rigidity, mutism, being unable to walk, dysfagia, desorientation, and
urinary incontinance three days after the administration of risperidone and olanzapine together in high doses to control the psychotic agitation.
In the laboratory findings of the patient no abnormal evidence was found except for a rise in serum CPK and leucocytosis. Parenteral support
treatment was applied to the patient the NMS diagnosis. Her hydration and nutrition were provided. Bromocriptine 12.5 mg/day p.o was applied
and one dose of dantrolene 40 mg parenteral was administered. Then lorazepam 2 mg/day was added to the treatment scheme. After
the clinical picture of the patient improved, bromocriptine treatment was stopped, however, because of the psychotic agitation re-emerged
after ten days quetiapine 300 mg/day was applied to her.
This case leads us to consider the necessity that, antipsychotic drugs should be used very cautiously because of the high risk of NMS in patients
with mental retardation or organic brain disorder; a single drug should be applied in antipsychotic use; high doses or i.m. or depot preparetes
and sudden changes in doses should be avoided.

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