Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2009; Cilt: 20; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;20(2):175-182
Şizofreni Tedavisinde Yeni Farmakolojik Yaklaşımlar
İT Uzbay
Gülhane Askeri Tıp Fak., Tıbbi Farmakoloji AD., Ankara
Şizofreni rasyonel farmakoterapisi oldukça güç, ciddi bir mental hastalıktır. Dopaminerjik sistemde, özellikle dopamin D2 reseptörleri üzerinden yürütülen nörokimyasal aşırım ve ilişkili postsinaptik sinyal transdüksiyon değişiklikleri gerek şizofreni oluşumu gerekse hastalığın antipsikotik ilaçlarla güncel tedavisi bakımından oldukça önemlidir. Serotonerjik 5-HT2A ve 5-HT2C reseptör blokajı da yeni nesil atipik antipsikotiklerin etki düzeneğinde ön plana çıkmıştır. Son zamanlarda giderek artan preklinik ve klinik veriler sinir büyüme faktörü (NGF), beyinden köken alan nörotrofik faktör (BDNF) ve nörotrofin-3 (NT-3) gibi santral nörotrofinlerindeki işlev bozukluklarının beyin gelişimi ve nöroplastisinde bozulmaya katkı sağlayabileceğini ve bunun da şizofreniye neden olabileceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca bazı yakın tarihli çalışmalar alkol ve madde bağımlılığı ile şizofreni arasındaki ilişkinin önemine işaret etmektedir. Santral nitrerjik sistem ve argininin dekarboksilasyonu sonucu oluşan biyolojik aktif bir madde olan agmatinin de şizofreni etiyopatogenezi ve yeni ilaçların geliştirilmesi için ilginç ve önemli hedefler olabileceğine dikkat çeken preklinik veriler de yayınlanmıştır. Preklinik araştırmalarda etkinliği ortaya konan ve sınırlı sayıda klinik çalışmalarla şizofrenide etkili olabileceğine işaret edilmiş olan seçici dopamin D3 reseptör antagonistleri, glutamatın metabotropik ve NMDA reseptörlerinin özgül agonistleri ile nikotinik alfa 7 reseptör agonistlerinin yakın tarihlerde yeni antipsikotik ilaçlar olarak tedaviye girmesi beklenmektedir. Bu derleme makalede güncel literatür ışığında şizofreni farmakoterapisindeki yenilikler ve olası yeni hedefler güncel literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.
New Pharmacological Approaches to the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder with a challenging rational pharmacotherapy. Neurochemical transmission in the dopaminergic system, especially via D2 receptors, and related changes in postsynaptic signal transduction are very important in both the formation of schizophrenia and current pharmacotherapeutic treatment with antipsychotic drugs. Blocking the serotonergic 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors is growing growing importance with regard to the action mechanisms of new generation antipsychotic medications. Recent preclinical and clinical data show that dysfunction of central neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurophin-3 (NT-3) might contribute to impaired brain development and neuroplasticity, leading to schizophrenia. In addition, some recent studies suggest that there is an important relationship between alcohol and substance addiction, and schizophrenia. There is also some preclinical data indicating that the central nitrergic system and agmatine¾a biologically active agent produced after decarboxylation of arginine¾might be interesting and important targets for understanding the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia and for development of new drugs. Selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonists, specific agonists for metabotropic and NMDA receptors of the glutamatergic system, and nicotinic α-7 receptor agonists were reported in preclinical and a limited number of clinical studies as potential new targets for schizophrenia treatment. In this review, new advances in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia and possible new targets are discussed in the light of the current literature.

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