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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 20; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;20(1):75-84
Erken Dönem Uyumsuz Şemaların Değerlendirilmesi: Young Şema Ölçeği Kısa Form-3'ün Psikometrik Özelliklerine İlişkin Bir İnceleme
G Soygüt, A Karaosmanoğlu, Z Çakır
Hacettepe Ü Psikoloji Bl., Psikoterapi Araştırmaları Laboratuarı, Ankara
Amaç: Şemaların bağlanma figürleriyle erken dönem yaşantılar sonucunda geliştiği varsayılmaktadır. Bu kuramsal çerçeveden hareketle, Young ve arkadaşları (1991; 2003) erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların değerlendirilmesine yönelik değerlendirme araçları geliştirmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Young Şema Ölçeği-Kısa Form 3 (YŞÖ-KF3)'ün, Türk üniversite örneklemindeki güvenirlik ve geçerliğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Çalışma farklı fakülte ve sınıflara devam eden üniversite öğrencilerinden oluşan bir örneklem üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Psikometrik incelemelerin aşamalarına göre katılımcı sayısı farklılık gösterdiğinden, katılımcılar N=150-1071 aralığında değişmektedir.

Bulgular: Equamaks Rotasyonuyla yapılan Temel Bileşenler Analizi sonucuna göre, ölçeğin Türkçe formu için 14 faktörlü bir yapının uygun olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu faktörler üzerinden yapılan üst-sıra faktör analizinde Zedelenmiş Otonomi, Kopukluk, Yüksek Standartlar, Diğeri Yönelimlilik ve Zedelenmiş Sınırlar olmak üzere 5 şema alanına ulaşılmıştır. Belirtilen faktörler ve alanlar açısından yürütülen test tekrar test ve iç tutarlık analizlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı katsayılar gözlenmiştir. Birleşen geçerliğine ilişkin incelemeler açısından, SCL-90-R ile incelenen korelasyon katsayıları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olup, ilişkilerin yönü kuramsal olarak beklendik yönde gözlenmiştir. Bir ön çalışma kapsamında, normal ve klinik örneklem verileri üzerinde yürütülen t-testi analizine göre, belirli şema boyutları ve alanları açısından, gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olduğu izlenmiştir.

Sonuç: YŞÖ-KF3'ün Türkiye'de yürütülen klinik uygulama ve araştırma faaliyetlerinde kullanılabilirliği açısından, başlangıç aşamasında, kabul edilebilir düzeylerde geçerli ve güvenilir bir değerlendirme aracı olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Assessment of Early Maladaptive Schemas: A Psychometric Study of the Turkish Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form-3
Objective: Schemas are generally assumed to develop as a result of early experiences with attachment figures. Within this theoretical framework Young et al. (1991, 2003) developed a schema questionnaire to evaluate early maladaptive schemas. The aim of the present study was to preliminarily establish the psychometric validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form-3.

Method: University students from different departments participated in the study. According to phases of psychometric examinations, the number of participants differed in a range of N= 150-1071.

Results: Principal components analysis with equamax rotation was carried out and 14 definable factor structures emerged. Higher-order factor analysis supported 5 schema domains: Impaired autonomy, disconnection, unrelenting standards, other-directedness, and impaired limits. Test-retest and internal consistency analysis revealed statistically significant correlation coefficients, which can be interpreted as evidence of the reliability. As to convergent validity, correlational analysis of theoretically-related variables (SCL-90-R) showed statistically significant coefficients and the direction of the relationships were congruent with theoretical expectations. Furthermore, in a pilot study, we examined the discriminant validity of the scale. Accordingly, t-test analysis that compared the YSQ-subscale scores of clinical and normal populations yielded statistically significant differences in some schemas and schema domains.

Conclusion: As preliminary evidence, our findings show that the factor structure of the Turkish YSQ-SF3 is generally consistent with previous studies and that it has acceptable levels of reliability and validity.

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