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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(1):48-54
Ergenlik döneminde DEHB bozukluğu tanısı konan bir grubun özellikleri ve altı-on yaş grubunda tanı konan çocuklarla karşılaştırılması
ÖŞ Üneri, N Vatandaş, G Atay
Dr. Sami Ulus Kadın Doğum, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara
Amaç: Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) yaşam boyu etkileri sürebilen nörogelişimsel bir bozuk-luktur. Çocukluk döneminde DEHB özellikleri çok iyi bilinse de, ergen ve erişkin yaş grubunda DEHB tanı ölçütleri hala tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 12-18 yaş aralığındayken DEHB tanısı konulan ergenlerin sosyodemografik özellikleri, doğum ve gelişim basamakları, başvuru yakınmaları, WISC-R puanları, eş tanı ve farmakoterapi uygulamaları açısından incelenmesi, bu özelliklerin ergenlik öncesinde DEHB tanısı konan çocuklarla karşılaş-tırılması ve geç tanıyı yordayan etkenlerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu geriye dönük (retrospektif) çalışma Başkent Üniversitesi Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları bölümünde yapılmıştır. DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre DEHB tanısı konularak takip ve tedaviye alınan ergenlerden ilk kez tanı konan, Wechsler Çocuklar için Zeka Ölçeği (WISC-R) puanları 80 ve üstünde olan olgular çalışmaya alınmıştır. Bu veriler altı-on yaşları arasındayken ilk kez DEHB tanısı konulan ve WISC-R puanları 80 ve üstü olan olgularla karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar: On iki-on sekiz yaş grubunda yer alan ergenlerin (s=31) yaş ortalaması 14.4±1.57, altı-on yaş grubunda yer alan çocukların yaş ortalaması 8.3±1.39’dur. Veriler değerlendirildiğinde ergen ve çocuk grupları arasında başvuru yakınmaları, tedavide kullanılan ilaç, eş tanıların dağılımı, doğum sırasında annenin yaşı gibi etkenler için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu saptanmıştır. Altı-on ve 12-18 yaş gruplarında tedavide en çok tercih edilen ilaç metilfenidat olarak bulunmuştur. Tartışma: İki grupta da en çok tercih edilen ilaç metilfenidat olsa da, iki grup arasında tercih edilen ilaçlar açısından fark olduğu bulunmuştur. DEHB tanısı geciktikçe yakınmalar şekil değiştirmekte, anksiyete bozuklukları ve depresyon eş tanısında artış olmaktadır. Eş tanının tedavide kullanılan ilaç seçiminde etkili olduğu düşünülmüştür. Çalışmamızda annenin çocuk sahibi olduğu yaşın küçük olmasının geç tanı için yordayıcı etkenlerden biri olduğu saptanmıştır.
Characteristics of ADHD first diagnosed during adolescence and comparison with patients’ diagnosed at six - ten [year]s of age
Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects many aspects of the patient’s life across lifespan. Although the diagnostic criteria used to diagnose ADHD during childhood are well described, there are still controversies in the classification of the disorder in adolescents and adults. In this study we aimed to investigate the familial demographic characteristics, some characteristics about the perinatal history and major developmental milestones in infancy, symptoms at admission, WISC-R scores, comorbidities and medications used in adolescents first diagnosed between 12-18 [year]s old age and compare the data with patients’ diagnosed between six-ten [year]s of age and describe the factors that might have delayed the diagnosis of ADHD. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Baskent University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Adolescents first diagnosed as ADHD according to the DSM-IV criteria at 12-18 [year]s and followed by the child psychiatrist were recruited in the study if their WISC-R points were above 80 points. Data of the adolescent group were compared with patients’ first diagnosed between six and -ten [year]s of age and whose WISC-R points were above 80 points. Each age group was comprised of 31 patients. Results: Mean age of the adolescent group and children group were 14.4±1.57 and were 8.3±1.39 [year]s, respectively. Complaints at first admission, therapeutic agents used for treatment, distribution of psychological comorbidities and maternal age at birth were statistically different between two age groups. Methylphenidate was the most preferred medication for the treatment of ADHD in both six-ten and 12-18 age groups. Discussion: Treatment regimens were different between two age groups. Symptoms and patients’ complaints seem to change and the rate of comorbidities like anxiety disorder and depression increase in time as the diagnosis of ADHD is delayed. This was thought to be related to the increased number of comorbidities in the adolescent group. Younger maternal age at birth had been found to be the factor related to the delayed diagnosis.

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