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Yıl:2008; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türkiye'de Psikiyatri; 2008;10(2):64-73
Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Bipolar Bozukluk
B Burhanoğlu, S Burhanoğlu, A Akın, A Aysev
Ankara Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Kliniği, Ankara
Çocuk ve Ergenlik dönemindeki Bipolar Bozukluk tanısı özellikle son yıllarda farkedilmeye ve önemsenmeye
başlanmıştır. Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalar neticesinde bu bozukluğun çocuk ve ergenlerde görülme
sıklığı tahminlerin üstünde bulunmaktadır. Erişkin bipolar bozukluğu olan hastalar incelendiğinde çoğu hastanın
belirtilerinin çocukluk döneminde başladığı gözlenmektedir. Çok farklı belirtilerinin olması ve aynı zamanda
bir çok belirtisinin çocukluk ve ergenlik dönemindeki diğer sık görülen hastalıklarla örtüşmesinden
dolayı bu hastalara çoğu zaman yanlış tanı konulmakta, ya da tanısı gözden kaçmaktadır. Bipolar Bozukluk
çocuk ve ergenin yaşamını ciddi biçimde aksatmaktadır. Bu hastalarda artmış intihar girişimi, düşük akademik
performans, bozuk kişiler arası ilişkiler, artmış madde kötüye kullanımı, yasal sorunlar ve birden çok hastaneye
yatış gibi durumlar sıklıkla gözlenmektedir. Erken tanı konulması ve tedavi edilmesi ise ileriki dönemde
rahatsızlığın şiddetini, sıklığını ve tedaviye yanıtını olumlu yönde etkileyecektir. Çocuklar ve ergenlerdeki
bipolar bozukluk etrafında tartışmalar devam etmekte olup cevaplanması gereken bir çok soru mevcuttur.
Bunlardan başlıca olarak çocukluk dönemindeki bipolar bozukluktaki ana semptomlar, sınıflandırma, ayırıcı
tanı ve eştanılılık durumları, erişkin bipolar bozukluktan farklılıkları, çocuğa özgü tedavi seçenekleri sayılabilir.
Bu yazıda özellikle son zamanlarda bu konularda yapılmış olan araştırmalar gözden geçirilmiş olup güncel
bilgilerin aktarılması ve tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.
Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) in childhood and adolescence have been begun to recognize and take into account, especially in the past
decade. Recent studies concluded that the prevalance of bipolar disorder in childhood and adolescence is higher than once estimated. In
retrospective studies, it has been found that symptoms of adult patients with BD had been emerged in childhood. Children and adolescents
with BD are often misdiagnosed or overlooked, because of these patients have a wide variety of symptoms that overlap with those of other
common childhood-onset disorders. BD is a chronic illness that causes major disruption in the life of children and adolescents. Increased suicidality,
declining academic performance, poor intepersonal relationship, high rates of substance abuse, legal problems and multiple hospitalization
could be seen in this patient group. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment can have a far-reaching positive impact on the subsequent
course and severity of the disease. The debate is still ongoing today around BD in children and adolescents, and there are numerous questions
which must be answered. Main issues including cheif symptoms, classification, differential diagnosis and comorbidity of pediatric bipolar
disorder, distinction between the disorder and adult form and childhood spesific choices of treatment are required to discuss. In this
work, primarily studies on these issues has been reviewed and objectives is to present and discuss the current data about BD in childhood
and adolescence.

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