Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2008; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2008;11(3):125-134
Dopamin Reseptörleri ve Sinyal İletim Özellikleri
A Sayın
Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Ankara
Bu derlemenin amacı; merkezi sinir sistemindeki başlıca dopamin yolaklarında bulunan dopamin nöronlarının reseptör alt tiplerini tanımlamak, reseptör sonrası temel sinyal iletim mekanizmalarına değinmek ve tüm bu mikromoleküler düzeydeki yapıların psikotik belirtilerin oluşumu açısından klinik önemlerini özetlemektir. Son zamanlara kadar D1 ve D2 belirlenmiş tek dopamin reseptörleri iken, moleküler klonlama çalışmaları başka reseptör alt tiplerinin de varlığını (D3 ve D4 "D2 benzeri", D5 "D1 bezeri") ortaya koymuştur. Dopamin reseptörleri sinyal iletiminin, fosfolipaz C aktivitesinin veya araşidonik asit salınımının düzenlenmesi ile de gerçekleştiği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca, dopamin reseptörleri Na/H değiştiricilerini ve Na-K ATPaz aktivitesini düzenlemektedir Son zamanlarda hem D2S hem de D2L reseptör izoformlarının Gbg alt üniteleri, protein kinaz C, mitojenle-aktive olan protein kinaz (MAPK), hücre dışı sinyalle düzenlenen kinaz (ERK) yolağı vasıtasıyla hücre büyümesi, farklılaşma ve apoptozisde rol aldıkları gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca dopamin reseptörlerinin farklı hücresel özelliklerinin toplu olarak dopamin reseptörleri ile etkileşime giren proteinler (dopamine receptor interacting proteins- DRIPs) denen bir grup molekül tarafından düzenlendiği de son yıllarda keşfedilmiştir. Dopamin aktivitesi otoreseptörler, sinaptik aralıkta enzimle yıkım ve presinaptik olarak yerleşmiş dopamin taşıyıcısı (DAT) tarafından, ayrıca diğer transmitter sistemler tarafından düzenlenir. Şizofrenide gözlenen dopaminerjik sistem anormallikleri sonucunda, dopamin ipucu ve bağlamdan bağımsız bir şekilde salınmaya başlar ve hastada psikotik algılama süreçleri devreye girer.

Dopaminergic Receptors and Signal Transmission Features
The purpose of this review is to identify subtypes of dopamine receptors on main dopaminergic pathways, review the main post-synaptic intracellular signal mechanisms and summarize the importance of these microcellular structures on the formation of psychotic symptoms. Until recently D1 and D2 receptor sub-types were considered as the only dopaminergic receptors, but molecular clonnation studies have revealed three other receptor subtypes (D3 and D4 are called "D2-like, while D5 is considered as "D1-like"). D1-like receptors interact with G-stimulator (Gs) proteins and activate cAMP. D2-like receptors interact with G-inhibitor (Gi) proteins and inhibit cAMP formation. Dopamine receptors cause signal inductions via regulation of phospholipaze C and arachidonic acid secretion as well. Besides, dopamine receptors also regulate activation of Na/H exchangers and Na-K ATPase. Recently, it has been shown that Gbg subtypes of both D2S and D2L receptor izoforms may cause cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis via protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. In addition, dopamine receptors are modulated by a group of molecules called dopamine receptor interacting proteins (DRIPs). Dopamine activity is also modulated by auto-receptors, as well as intra-synaptic enzymatic degradation and presynaptic dopmaine transporter (DAT). Other neurotransmitter systems are also involved in dopamine modulation. In schizophrenia, as a result of disregulated dopamine system that fires and releases dopamine independently of cue and context, a psychotic state with aberrant novelty feeling and salience occurs.

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