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Yıl:2008; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2008;1(2):1-11
Tarihsel Süreçte Psikosomatik Tıp ve Psikosomatik Bozukluklara Genel Bir Bakış
A Çevik, V Şentürk
Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri AD, ANKARA
Psikosomatik bozukluklar ikiyüzyıla yakın bir süredir tanımlanmaktadır. Psikosomatik bozuklukların etyolojisini açıklamaya yönelik çalışmlar psikoanalitik çalışmalardan köken almış, zaman içinde değişim göstermiştir. Psikobiyolojik disregülasyon, emosyonel farkındalık ve affekt gelişimi ve regülasyonu modelleri günümüzde psikosomatik bozuklukları açıklamak üzere konumlandırılmış modellerdir. Psikosomatik tıp gelişimini sürdürmüş ve psikoimmünoloji, psikoendokrinoloji ve psikodermatoloji gibi alt dallara ayrılmış ve bir çok tıbbi hastalıkta psikolojik süreçlerin yerinin ve öneminin anlaşılmasında önemli katkılar sağlamıştır. Ancak mevcut tanı sistemleri psikosomatik hastalıkların biyopsikososyal çok boyutluluğunu yansıtmamaktadır. Tedavi merkezlerinin fazla kullanımı, bilişsel çarpıtmalar, zararsız fiziksel belirtilere seçici dikkat, kaçınma davranışı ve bozulmuş hasta hekim ilişkisi gibi unsurlar tanı sistemlerinin gözardı ettikleri faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Mevcut tanı sistemlerinin iyileştirilmesinde psikosomatik tıp alanında yapılacak araştırmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Psikosomatik tıbbın bir yan dal olarak tanınması bu ihtiyaç-ların giderilmesinde önemli bir rol oynayacaktır. Bu alanda yetişecek psikiyatristler tıbbi hastalığı olan hastaların halihazırda karşılanmayan psikosoyal ve psikiyatrik ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasını sağlayacaktır.
Historical Development Of Psycosomatic Medicine and Review Of Psychosomatic Disorders
Psychosomatic disorders have been recognized since 19th century. Psychoanalytic approches were used to explain psychosomatic disorders in the beginning of the 20th century. Psychobiologic dysregulation, emotional awareness and affect regulation which are current models for it are presented in this work. Growing evidence in the field of psychoneuroimmunology, psychoendocrinology, psychodermatology, and other psychosomatic medicine areas contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms by which psychological process affect physical health. The approval of subspecialty status for psychosomatic medicine will help promote the psychiatric care of patients with complex medical, surgical, obstetrical and neurological conditions, as well as further improvements in the quality of training and research and diagnostic classifications in this important area.

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