Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2007; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Bağımlılık Dergisi; 2007;8(3):146-152
Madde Kullanım Bozukluklarında Genetik: Bir Gözden Geçirme
Z Yüncü, HA Savaş
EGEBAM (Ege Üniversitesi Çocuk ve Ergen Alkol Madde Bağımlılığı Alkol ve madde araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi)
Öncelleri madde kullanım bozukluklarının (MKB) gelişiminde çevresel, gelişimsel ve sosyal şartların etkili olduğu düşünülmekteydi. Ancak genetik alanında kaydedilen gelişmelerin ardından genetik nedenlerin oynadığı rol ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır.
MKB gelişimi karmaşık bir süreçtir. Bu süreç maddeyi ilk deneme ile başlar, sürekli olarak kullanma ile devam eder ve bağımlılık gelişimi ile sonuçlanır. Genetik mekanizmaların bu sürecin farklı aşamalarına olan etkisi aydınlatılmalıdır.
Alkol, sigara, esrar, kokain bağımlılıklarının ailesel geçişi olduğu bildirilmiştir. Alkol kulanım bozukluklarının (AKB)genetiği diğer MKB genetiğine oranla daha sık çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmaların sonucunda AKB ‘da genetik etkinin diğerlerine göre daha fazla olduğu bildirilmiştir.
MKB gelişiminde üzerinde uzlaşı sağlanan bir genetik yerleşim henüz saptanmamıştır. Bunun bir nedeni bu hastalığın oluşumunun poligenik nedenlere bağlanmasıdır. Bu durum hastalığın çok farklı fenotipik özelliklerle karşımıza çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu farklı fenotipik özelliklerin ortaya konması genetik zeminin araştırılmasında yol göstericidir.


The Genetics in Substance Use Disorder: A Review
It was thought earlier that environmental and social conditions were effective in the progress of substance use disorder but upon the developments in the genetics area it came forward that the genetic reasons play an important role.

The substance use disorder is a complicated process. This process starts with trying the substance, continues with constant use and results in addictiveness progress. The impact of genetic mechanisms on the different levels of this process should be enlightened.

It is notified that the addictiveness of alcohol, cigarette, heroin and cocaine pass through the family. The genetic of alcohol use disorder has been studied more compared to the substance use disorder’s. As a result of these studies it was stated that the genetic impact in alcohol use disorder is more compared to the others.

A genetic settlement that is agreed in the substance use disorder progress has not been obtained yet. The reason for this is that the formation of this sickness is attributed to the polygenic reasons. This situation causes the sickness to come in front of us with very different
phenotypical features. The exposure of these different phenotypical features will guide the study of genetic ground



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