Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2007; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Psikiyatride Derlemeler, Olgular ve Varsayımlar (RCHP); 2007;1(3):39-48
Şizofrenide Psikososyal Etkenlerin Yeniden Önem Kazanması
İT Binbay, H Ulaş, K Alptekin
Ege Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, İzmir
Amaç: Bu gözden geçirme çalışmasında son on yıl içinde şizofreni epidemiyolojisinde yeniden önem kazanan psikososyal etkenler değerlendirilecektir.
Yöntem: Şizofrenide psikososyal risk etkenleri üzerine bilimsel kaynaklarda yer alan yakın zamanlı İngilizce gözden geçirmelerdeki bulguların özetlenmesine dayanmaktadır.
Bulgular: Şizofrenide en önemli risk etkeni birinci derece akrabalarda şizofreni varlığıdır. Diğer yandan genetik kalıtımın önemli rol oynaması uzun süre psikososyal risk etkenlerinin göz ardı edilmesine ve bozukluğun ortaya çıkmasında psikososyal risk etkenleriyle ilgili olarak sosyal kayma varsayımının geçerli olmasına yol açmıştır. Son on yıl içinde gelişmiş epidemiyolojik yöntemlerle yapılan çalışmalar ve genetik çalışmaların verilerinin çevresel etkenlerin önemini göstermesi psikososyal risk etkenlerinin yeniden önem kazanmasını sağlamıştır. Şizofreni ile kentleşme, göçün ikinci kuşak göçmenler üzerindeki etkisi, ailenin sosyal sınıfı ve çocukluk çağı olumsuz yaşantıları arasında önemli nedensel ilişkiler olduğu birçok çalışmada gösterilmiştir. Veriler söz konusu nedensel ilişkinin genetik etkenlerle etkileşim içinde oluştuğuna işaret etmektedir. Dopamin duyarlılaşması ve işlev bozukluğunun ise belirtilerin ortaya çıkmasında ortak patofizyolojik yol olduğuna ilişkin kanıtlar artmaktadır.
Sonuç: Şizofrenide psikososyal risk etkenlerinin özellikle genetik risk etkenleriyle birlikte incelendiği araştırmalar bozukluğun ortaya çıkış mekanizmaları hakkında ileri bilgi sağlamaya adaydır.

Reemergence of psychosocial factors in schizophrenia
Objective: To review the psychosocial risk factors in epidemiology of schizophrenia, which regain importance in the last decade.
Method: The results of a number of recent review articles with high quality on the psychosocial risk factors in schizophrenia have been evaluated.
Results: Most important risk factor in schizophrenia is presence of disorder in the first degree relatives. The significance of genetic inheritance has lead to neglect of psychosocial risk factors for a long time and dominance of social drift hypothesis fort the role of psychosocial risk factors in disorder process. In the last decade, studies with improved epidemiological methodology and the results of the genetic studies have provided a new insight into the field. In several studies, the significance of causal relation between schizophrenia and urbanicity, the effect of migration on the second generation migrants, the social class of family and adverse childhood life-events has been reported. Also data suggest that the causal relation is conditioned on genetic factors. Dopamine sensitization and dysfunction are the common end point for the psychosocial risk factors, which lead to overt symptoms.
Conclusion: Studies evaluating both psychosocial and genetic risk factors will provide more depth insight into the casual mechanisms of disorder.

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