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Yıl:2007; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Psikiyatride Derlemeler, Olgular ve Varsayımlar (RCHP); 2007;1(2):17-28
Alkol Bağımlılığının Nörobiyolojisi ve Uzun Dönem İlaç Tedavisinde Yenilikler
İÇ İnanlı, İ Eren
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Isparta
Alkol bağımlılığı nükslerle giden, uzun dönem tedavisi gereken kronik bir hastalıktır. Alkol bağımlılığı tedavisinde en önemli olan şey nüksü önlemektir. Alkol bağımlılığında istek ve nüksün nörokimyasal ve patofizyolojik temelleri tam olarak anlaşılamamış olsa da, alkolün etkisi, bağımlılık ve tolerans gelişiminde rolü olan bir çok nörotransmitter ve reseptör hakkında bilgiler gittikçe artmaktadır. Günümüzde psikoterapötik yaklaşımlarla birlikte yapılan ilaç tedavisi oldukça önem kazanmıştır. Alkol bağımlılığının nörobiyolojik temellerine ait bilgiler arttıkça far­makolojik tedavi seçenekleri artmaktadır. Dısülfiram kullanımından sonra isteği azaltan ilaçlar son yıllarda ortaya konmuştur. Yine psikiyatrik hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılan bazı ilaçlar da alkol isteğini azaltmada etkili bulunmuştur. Bu yazıda alkol bağımlılığının beyinde etkilediği nörotransmitter sistemleri ve bağımlılığın uzun dönem tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçlar gözden geçirilmiştir.
The Neurobiology of Alcohol Dependence and New Improvements in Long Term Drug Treatments
Alcohol dependence is a chronic disease which needs long term treatment. The most impor­tant thing in the treatment of alcohol dependence it to prevent the relaps. Even though the fun­damentals of neurochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms of desire and relaps has not been understood yet, knowledge accumulates about the effect of alcohol and the role of var­ious neurotransmitters and receptors on addiction and tolerance . Nowadays, drug treatment along with psychotherapeutic approaches has become very important. More information about the neurobiological fundamentals of alcohol addiction increased the pharmacological treatment options. The drugs which diminish the desire for alcohol emerged after disulfiram. Some drugs which are used in the treatment of psychological diseases are also found to be effective in the treatment of alcohol addiction. In this article, we study the drugs which are used for long term treatments of alcohol dependence and the neurotransmitter systems in the brain affected by the dependence.

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