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Yıl:2005; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 2005;13(2):97-102
Şizofrenide görülen bilişsel bozuklukların rehabilitasyonu
EE Kılıçaslan, L Mete
İzmir Atatürk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi
Şizofrenide bilişsel işlevlerin önemli ölçüde etkilendiği; planlama, problem çözme gibi yürütücü işlevlerde, dikkat ve bellekte görülen bozulmaların hastaların hem sosyal ilişkilerini hem de iş performanslarını olumsuz olarak etkilediği bil­inmektedir. Antipsikotİk ilaçlara iyi yanıt alınan hastalarda bile, bu alanlarda sağlanan düzelme sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle psikososyal tedavileri de içeren çok yönlü tedavi yaklaşımlarının önemini vurgulayan tartışmalar artmaktadır. Bu yazı­da; şizofrenide görülen bilişsel bozuklukların rehabilitasyonunda yaygın kabul gören üç tedavi yöntemi incelenmiştir. Bunlardan Bilişsel İyileştirme Terapisi tekrarlayan alıştırmalarla beyin işlevlerini değiştirmeyi hedefleyen alıştırma modeline dayanmaktadır. Sosyal Beceri Eğitiminin şizofreni hastalarındaki etkinliği gösterilmişse de, bilişsel işlevler üzerine olan etkinliği konusunda çok az çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapide İse antipsikotik tedavi ile düzeltilemeyen psikotik belirtilerin düzeltilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Günümüzdeki tedavi yaklaşımları, söz konusu üç yöntemin, bilişsel rehabilitasyonun farklı yönlerini destekleyerek daha güçlü bir etki oluşturacak şekilde, ikili eşlemel­erle kullanılmasına ve hasta yakınlarını da kapsayan geniş bir tedavi planı oluşturulmasına yönelmektedir.
Rehabilitation of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia
It is known that cognitive functions are impaired considerably in schizophrenia and these impairments in attention, memory and executive functions as planning and problem solving affects both patients' occupational performance and their social activities. Even in the patients who responded well to antipsychotic, the improvement in cognitive functions is limited. Therefore, there is an increasing consideration on multi-dimensional therapy consisting of psychosocial treat­ments. In this paper, we reviewed three therapy modalities which are common in the rehabilitation of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Of these, Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy is based on exercise model aiming altering the brain func­tions via repetitive exercises. Although Social Skills Training was shown to be effective in schizophrenia, there are few studies on its effectiveness on cognitive functions. Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy aims to improve psychotic symp­toms, which were resistant to antipsychotic therapy. Current therapeutic approaches tend to use all these three therapy modalities with paired combinations enforcing different aspects of cognitive rehabilitation in favour of creating a greater improvement and to compose a comprehensive treatment plan including the family.

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