Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2006; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Bağımlılık Dergisi; 2006;7(2):91-97
HIV Enfeksiyonunda Alkol-Madde Kullanım Bozuklukları
B Bakım, KO Karamustafalıoglu, Ö Ögütcen, H Yumrukçal
Şişli Etfal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Kliniği
Amaç: Ruh sağlığı ve koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerine başvuran korunmasız cinsel İlişkisi ve madde ve/veya alkol kullanım bozuk­luğu olan kişiler arasında artmış HIV enfeksiyonu riski vardır. Bu artmış riske; erkeklerle cinsel ilişkiye giren erkekler, ilaç kullanıcıla­rı ve genç erişkinler arasındaki riskli cinsel davranışlar katkıda bu­lunmaktadır. Bu bireylerde var olan madde ve/veya alkol kullanım bozuklukları ve eşlik eden psikiyatrik bozukluklar riskli davranışlara sebep olmaktadır. Eşlik eden psikiyatrik bozuklukların tedavi edil­mesiyle, HIV ile enfekte bireylerin hayat kalitesi ve ilaç tedavisine uyumunda düzelme olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada alkol ve/veya madde kullanım bozukluklarının ve diğer psikiyatrik bozuklukların HIV ile enfekte bireylerde hastalığın seyrine ve tedavi uyumuna olan etkileri tartışılmıştır.
Yöntem: 1985-2006 yılları arasındaki çalışmalara ulaşım için PubMed, Medline arama motorunda "HIV, alcohol and drug dependence.psychiatric comorbidity" sözcükleri kullanılarak "A ser­vice of the National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health* aracılığı İle arama yapılmıştır. Ayrıca TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Bulaşıcı ve Salgın Hasta­lıkların Kontrolü Daire Başkanlığı, Zührevi Hastalıklar Şubesi'nden 1985-2005 yıllan arasında HIV ile enfekte hasta ve taşıyıcılara alt sosyodemograflk özellikler ile İlgili HIV/AIDS tıbbi kayıtlarından ya­rarlanılmıştır.
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) hastalarında alkol ve/ veya madde kullanımı komorbldltesl yüksek bir oranda görülmekte olup. hayat kalitesini olumsuz etkilemekte, antlretrovlral tedaviye uyumu bozmaktadır. HIV (+) olan madde kullanıcılarında gözlene­bilen düzensiz yaşam koşulları, evsizlik, işsizlik, ekonomik sorunlar, damgalanma kişilerde tedaviye uyum sorunlarına yol açabilmektedir. Gerek HIV, gerek madde kullanımının tek başlarına oluşturablldiklerl merkezi sinir sistemine ait tahribatlar da hastanın kendisi ve çevresi­ne yönelik risk etmenlerini artırabilmektedir. Bu risk alıcı davranışlar arasında korunmasız cinsel ilişkiler, enjektör paylaşımı, homoseksüel cinsel ilişki ve çoğul cinsel ilişkiler sayılabilir. HIV İle enfekte bireyler psikiyatrik ve psikolojik bozukluklar açısından yüksek riske sahiptir. AİDS hastalarında sulsld riski yüksek düzeyde otup, bu riskin tetkiki hastaların takiplerinde genel bir yaklaşım olmalıdır. HIV hastalığı ve madde kullanım bozuklukları İle komorbld olarak gözlenen duygu-durum bozuklukları, psikotlk bozukluklar, anksiyete bozuklukları ve kişilik bozuklukları da hastanın tedavi uyumunu bozabilmekte, riskli davranışları artırabilmektedir. Madde kullanımı, komorbldite ve risk alıcı davranışlar genç nüfusta daha yoğun görülmektedir. Erken tanı ve tedavi bu grup hastalarda hayat kalitesini belirgin olarak arttıra-bilmektedir. Şiddetli ruhsal bozukluğu olan kişiler sosyal İlişkilerini kolaylaştırmak, anksiyete ve yalnızlıklarını azaltmak, sosyal ve mes­leki işlevselliklerini arttırabilmek için sıklıkla madde kullanabilmekte­dirler. Metadon ve benzeri tedaviler İle madde bağımlısı olan HIV hastalarının tedaviye uyumları sağlanabilmekte, risk alıcı davranışları azalabilmektedlr.
Alcohol-Substance Use Disorders in HIV Infection
Objective: Substance and/or alcohol use disorder is com­monly associated with unprotected
sexual relations among populations at particular risk for hu­man immunodeficiency virus (HIV), contributing to risky sexual behavior among men who have sex with men, drug users, young adults, and men seeking mental health and prevention services. These Individuals have risk taking behaviors, due to substance and/or alcohol use disorder and comorbid psychiatric disorders. HIV-infected individuals' quality of life and compliance of phar­macotherapy improve with the treatment of comorbid psychiatric disorders. In this study, we discussed the important features rela­ted to the diagnosis, course and the treatment in the presence of substance and/or alcohol use disorder and other comorbid psyc­hiatric disorders.
Method: We searched PubMed-Medllne search engine in order to find related studies published between 1985-2006 [year]s with keywords "HIV,alcohol use dependence, substance use de­pendence, and psychiatric disorders". In addition we used me­dical records about HIV-infected and carrier individuals' sociode-mographlc data from TC Saglik Bakanligi Temel Saglik Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlügü Bulasici ve Salgin Hastaliklarin Kontrolü Daire Baskanligi, Zührevi Hastaliklar Subesi.
Alcohol and/or substance abuse is a significant cause of co­morbidity in HfV-seroposltlve patients, lowers the quality of life and causes problems with adherence to antlretrovlral therapy. Unhealthy lifestyle, homelessness, unemployment, economic problems and somatization commonly observed in HIV(+) drug users, interferes with adherence to therapy. Central nervous sys­tem damage as a result of both drug use and HIV infections, incre­ases individual and peripheral factors. HIV risk behaviors include unprotected sexual intercourse, having multiple partners, homo­sexual sex and sharing of injection equipment. There Is a high risk of psychiatric and psychological disorders among HIV-infected in­dividuals. Persons with AIDS have an increased risk of suicide, and assessment of such risk should be a standard practice in their care. Comorbidities such as mood disorders, psychotic disorders, anxiety disorders and personality disorders also interferes with adherence to therapy and aggravates risk taking behaviors. Subs­tance abuse, comorbidity and risk taking behavior are more com­mon among younger population. Early diagnosis and treatment could remarkably improve quality of life in this group of patients. Individuals with severe psychiatric problems commonly use drugs to facilitate relationships, decrease their anxiety and to Increase social and vocational functioning. Adherence to therapy and dec­reasing risk taking behaviors can be achieved in substance de­pendent HIV patients with methadone and similar treatments.

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