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Yıl:2006; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türkiye'de Psikiyatri; 2006;8(2):108-114
Hafif Bilişsel Bozukluk
İ Yaluğ, M Alemdar
Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Kocaeli
Demans beyin hastalığına bağlı olarak gelişen, genelde kronik ve ilerleyici bir doğası olan, hafıza, düşünme,
yönelim, anlama, hesaplama, öğrenme, lisan ve yargılama gibi birçok yüksek kortikal işlevdeki bozulma
ile giden bir sendromdur. Hafif bilişsel bozukluk açık demansiyel sendrom bulgularına öncelik eden bir
prodromal dönemdir. Bu günlük yaşamı etkilemeyen preklinik bilişsel işlev azalması her yıl %10-15 oranında
demansa dönüşüm gösterir. Bu nedenle demans ile ilgili klinik çalışmaların en aktif konularından biri de
hastalığın hafif bilişsel bozukluk aşamasında oluşan bilişsel, davranışsal ve biyolojik değişikliklerin tanımlanmasıdır.
Hafif bilişsel bozukluk ile ilşkili bilişsel yetersizlikleri düzelten veya demansa dönüşümü engelleyen
ilaçların geliştrilmesi yakın dönem klinik araştırmaların temel hedefi olmuştur. Tüm hastalar açık demansa
dönüşüm göstermediğinden, demans dönüşümü için risk faktörlerini ve biyo-işaretleyicileri tanımlamak da
önemlidir. Toplum bazlı çalışmalar bu hastaların anlamlı oranda pskiyatrik semptomatoloji gösterdiğini ve
bazı olgularda bilişsel sendrom gibi bir psikiyatrik sendromun da demans oluşumuna öncüllük edebileceğini
göstermiştir. Bu derlemede günümüz tıp literatüründe yer alan hafif bilişsel bozukluk tanımlaması, klinik
bulguları, nöro-görüntüleme bulguları, olası biyo-işaretleyicileri, patofizyolojisi, klinik izlemi ve tedavisi ile
ilgili çalışmalar özetlenmiştir.
Mild Cognitive Impairment
Dementia is a syndrome which develops secondary to the disease of the brain, usually of a chronic or progressive nature, in which there is
disturbance of multiple higher cortical functions, including memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, [language],
and judgement. Mild cognitive impairment is preclinical phase that precedes the manifestation of the overt dementia syndrome. This
prodromal cognitive decline without any significant change in daily life converts to dementia with an annual incidence rate of 10-15%. One of
the most active areas of clinical research related to dementia is the attempt to identify cognitive, behavioral, and biological changes that occur
during mild cognitive impairment. Because not all patients progress to frank dementia, it is critical to identify risk factors and biomarkers for
development of dementia. Developments of agents that ameliorate the cognitive deficits associated with mild cognitive impairment or prevent
its progression to dementia. Population based studies have shown that these patients can exhibit significant psychiatric symptomatology, and
a psychiatric as well as a cognitive syndrome can precede the dementia onset in some cases. The studies about definition of mild cognitive
impairment, its clinical manifestations, neuro-imaging findings, probable biomarkers, pathophysiology, clinical follow up and treatment in current
medical literature were summarized in present review.

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