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Yıl:1992; Cilt: 29; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 1992;29(4):207-215
Mastektomi Olgularında Psikiyatrik morbidite psikososyal uyum ve kanser - Organ kaybı – psikopatoloji ilişkisi
S Özkan, M Turgay
Istanbul Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri ABD, Liyezon Psikiyatri Birimi
Mastektomi olgularında (post-op) gelişen psikiyatrik morbiditenin nitelik ve nicelik yaygınlığının ve psikososyal uyumda etkili faktörlerin araştırıldığı bu prospektif çalışma sonuçlarına göre; hastalarımızda post-op 1. hafta ve 1. ayda kaygı ve depresyon en yüksek seviyede olup, post-op 1. yılda bu oran düşmektedir.
Hastalarda; psikiyatrik morbidite açısından ortaya çıkması en potansiyel unsur, organ kaybından daha çok habis hastalıkla ilgili tehdit altında hissetme ve ölüm korkusudur. Nitekim kaygının yoğunluğu, kayıp reaksiyonundan çok tehdit altında hissetme ve kriz reaksiyonunu düşündürmektedir. Heri yaştaki, eğitim seviyesi düşük, tanı ve tedavi hakkında bilgilendirilmemiş olup tanıyı bilmeyen, eş desteği olmayan kadmlarda psikiyatrik morbidite daha fazla görülmekte, psikososyal uyum daha güç olmaktadır. Bu hastaların, hastalıkları Üe başetme ve psikososyal uyumlarında; operasyon kadar iletişim önemlidir. Bilgi verme, açık iletişim, hastayla hastalıkları ve endişeleri konusunda görüşmek, kaygılarını ifade etmelerinin sağlanması, tedavide etkin katılım ve işbirliğinin korunması, uyum için zaman tanınması hasta ile olumlu ilişkide temel unsurlar olmaktadır.
Bu hastaların hastalıktan ile ilgili daha geniş ölçüde bilgilendirilmeleri, tedaviye etkin katılımlarının sağlanması .eşleriyle birlikte izlenmeleri, sorun alanlarının açıkça konuşulabilmesi ve uygun olanlarda homojen grup tedavilerinin yapılması psikiyatrik ve, psikososyal rehabilitasyon açısından yardımcı olacaktır.
Psychiatric morbidity and psychosocial adjustment in mastectomy and the relationship between cancer organ loss and psychopathology
In this study, the type, nature, and prevalance of psychiatric morbidity associated with mastectomy and the factors relevant in psychosocial adjustment is resaarched for. The study is carried out longitudinely so that the same patients (n=42) are evaluated, clinically and psychometrically at pre-op, at early post-op one week after operation, and at successive stages after discharge, namely post-op one [month], post-op 6 [month]s and post-op one [year] (n=17).
The overall results, indicated that psychological distress (mainly anxiety and depression) is most severe at early post-op and at one [month] after the operation. Anxiety and depression decrease (gradually) at one [year] after the operation but still d© not decrease to premorbid level. Psychiatric morbidity is higher in those who are not informed of their clinical situation and of treatment alternatives, those who la,ck spouse's support, and is those with lower educational level. These patients demonstrated more severe difficulties in psychosocial adjustment.
The potential cause of psychiatric morbidity in . our cases happened to be the very diagnosis of cancer (and its implications) rather than the meaning of the loss of the breast. Feeling under threat and fear of death and the associated anxiety is prominent, rather than loss reaction associated with breast. The results indicate that communication and medical psychotherapy must focus mainly with the diagnosis of malignancy and the actual or perceived psychosocial consequences. Communication, providing information about the illness and treatment modalities, encouraging emotional interaction, and the support of the spouse appeared vital in psychosocial adjustment of these patients.

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