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Yıl:2023; Cilt: 43; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Psikoloji Çalışmaları; 2023;43(3):467-498
Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği’nin (ETÖ) 7-11 Yaş Çocuklarının Ebeveynleri için Geçerlik Sınama Çalışması
T Gül Şendil , D Akyüz , B Aktaş
istanbul Atlas Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Çocukların sosyalleşme alanları değiştikçe anne babaların sergiledikleri tutumların odaklandığı alanlar da değişmektedir. Orta çocukluk dönemi de çocukların fiziksel, bilişsel ve sosyalleşme alanlarında değişimler yaşadığı özel bir gelişimsel süreçtir. Ancak orta çocukluk döneminde ebeveyn tutumlarının daha nadir çalışıldığı görülmektedir. Alanyazında ebeveyn tutumlarını ölçen çeşitli ölçme araçları bulunmaktadır. Orta çocukluk dönemindeki ebeveyn tutumlarını ölçmek üzere ülkemizde kullanılan ölçekler incelendiğinde bu ölçeklerin genellikle demokratik, otoriter ve izin verici boyutları ölçmeye odaklandıkları; giderek artan sayıda çalışmanın konusu olan aşırı koruyucu tutum boyutunu içermedikleri göze çarpmaktadır. Türkçe alanyazında, aşırı koruyucu tutum boyutunu demokratik, otoriter ve izin verici boyutlarıyla birlikte değerlendiren tek ölçeğin erken çocukluk döneminde ebeveynlerin tutumlarını ölçmek üzere geliştirilen Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği (ETÖ) olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, orta çocukluk döneminde çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin tutumlarını ölçmek üzere, ETÖ'nün psikometrik açıdan uygun bir ölçek olup olmadığının değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmaya toplam 392 kişi (260 anne, 121 baba, 11 cinsiyet belirtmemiş katılımcı) katılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda demokratik, otoriter, izin verici ve aşırı koruyucu olmak üzere 42 maddeden oluşan dört boyutlu yapı desteklenmiştir. Boyutlar arası korelasyon analizi sonuçları, demokratik-otoriter ve demokratik-izin verici arasında olumsuz yönde, izin verici-otoriter ve izin verici-aşırı koruyucu arasında olumlu yönde anlamlı ilişki olduğunu göstermiş; aşırı koruyucudemokratik arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmamıştır. Ölçüm değişmezliği analizini sınamak amacıyla yapılan biçimsel, metrik ve ölçek değişmezliği testleri sonuçları, ölçeğin her iki ebeveyne de uygulanabileceğini göstermiştir. Ölçümün güvenirlik analizleri kapsamında elde edilen Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlık ve test-tekrar test durağanlık katsayıları da güvenirlik düzeyinin istenir düzeyde olduğunu desteklemiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ETÖ’nün 7-11 yaş arası çocuğu olan ebeveynlere uygulanabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğuna dair kanıtlar sunmuştur.
A Validity Testing Study of Parent Attitude Scale (PAS) for the Parents Who Have Children Between 7 and 11
As children’s socialization changes, the areas on which parents’ attitudes focus also change. Middle childhood (age 7–11 years) is a special developmental period in which children experience changes in their physical, cognitive, and socialization aspects. However, few studies have investigated parental attitudes toward middle childhood. There are various measurement tools for parental attitudes. In our country, these tools are generally used to measure authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive dimensions, but not the overprotective dimension, which is the subject of an increasing number of studies. In Turkish literature, the only scale used to evaluate the overprotective dimension in addition to the authoritative, authoritarian and permissive dimensions is the Parent Attitude Scale (PAS). In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether PAS is a psychometrically adequate scale to measure the parental attitudes toward middle childhood. A total of 392 participants (260 mothers, 121 fathers, and 11 participants of unspecified gender) were included. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a four-dimensional structure consisting of 42 items encompassing the authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and overprotective dimensions was supported. Meanwhile, the results of the interdimensional correlation analysis showed that authoritative–authoritarian was negatively correlated to authoritative– permissive, while permissive–authoritarian was positively correlated to permissive–overprotective; no significant relationship was found with overprotective–authoritative. The results of the formal, metric, and scale invariance tests showed the applicability of PAS to both parents. Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency coefficients, correlations between dimensions and test–retest results obtained within the scope of the reliability analysis also supported that the reliability level of the scale was at a desirable level. In conclusion, PAS is a valid and reliable scale applicable to parents with children aged 7–11 years.

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