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Yıl:2024; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Current Addiction Research; 2024;8(1):20-27
Kumar Oynama Bozukluğu
C Şişman Ünlü, CO Noyan
Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Kumar Oynama Bozukluğu, tekrarlayıcı ve süreğen bir şekilde devam eden kumar oynama davranışıyla karakterize edilen bir klinik tablodur. Kumar Oynama Bozukluğu, nörobiyolojik ve klinik olarak alkol ve madde kullanım bozuklukları ile ortak özellikler taşıması sebebi ile DSM-5’te madde ile ilişkili olma- yan ilk ve tek davranışsal bağımlılık olarak yer almaktadır. Ku- mar Oynama Bozukluğu’nu nörobiyolojik ve nörobilişsel olarak incelediğimizde dopamin, serotonin, norepinefrin ve glutamat gibi nörotransmitterlerin hastalık gelişiminde etkili olduğu dü- şünülmektedir. Nörobilişsel perspektiften bakıldığında ise Ku- mar Oynama Bozukluğu temelinde pozitif pekiştireçlerle geli- şen davranışsal koşullanma, değer atfetme, dürtüsellik ve karar verme süreçlerindeki bozuklukların yer aldığı gözlenmektedir. Birey, olumsuz yaşam olaylarıyla baş etme mekanizması olarak kumar oynama davranışını benimserse, bu davranış zamanla ar- tarak devam eder. Zaman içinde artan kumar oynama davranışı, bireyin kendini kontrol etme kapasitesini zayıflatır ve ortaya çı- kan olumsuz sonuçlara rağmen kumar oynama davranışının de- vam etmesine yol açar. Bu kısır döngü, bireyin iş, aile, akademik ve sosyal alanlarda sorunlar yaşamasına neden olarak hastalığın daha da şiddetlenmesine katkı sağlar. Kumar Oynama Bozuklu- ğu, başlangıçta zararsız görünen bir davranış olmasına rağmen, altta yatan yatkınlık ve koruyucu faktörlerin dengesine bağlı ola- rak bağımlılığa dönüşebilir.
Gambling Disorder
Gambling Disorder is a clinical picture characterized by repeti- tive and persistent gambling behavior. Gambling Disorder is the first and only non-substance-related behavioral addiction in the DSM-5 due to its neurobiological and clinical commonalities with alcohol and substance use disorders. When we examine Gambling Disorder from a neurobiological and neurocognitive perspective, neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and glutamate are thought to be effective in the development of the disease. From a neurocognitive perspective, Gambling Disorder is based on behavioral conditioning with positive reinforcers, value attribution, impulsivity and impair- ments in decision-making processes. If an individual adopts gambling behavior as a coping mechanism for negative life events, this behavior continues to increase over time. Increasing gambling behavior over time weakens the individual's self-con- trol capacity and leads to the continuation of gambling behavior despite the negative consequences. This vicious cycle contributes to the exacerbation of the disorder by causing problems in work, family, academic and social areas. Gambling Disorder, although initially a seemingly harmless behavior, can turn into addiction depending on the balance of underlying predisposing and pro- tective factors.

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