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Yıl:2024; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi; 2024;8(1):71-84
Kovid-19 kaynaklı endişenin yaygın anksiyete bozukluğuna etkisinde bilinçli farkındalık, bilişsel kontrol ve bilişsel esneklik değişkenlerinin aracı rolü
Y Meral, İ Yakın, G Çarboğa, Ö E Bayram
İzmir Ekonomi Üniversitesi, İzmir
Kovid-19 salgını insan psikolojisine dair bir tehdit oluşturmakta ve anksiyete seviyesinde artışa sebep olabilmektedir. Bireyler salgın sürecindeki belirsizlikle birlikte sağlık, ekonomi, eğitim ya da gelecek gibi farklı alanlar hakkında endişe duymaktadırlar. Bu nedenle, Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu (YAB) semptomlarında artış olması beklenmektedir. Mevcut çalışma, Kovid-19 kaynaklı endişe ve YAB semptomları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi ve farkındalık, bilişsel kontrol ve bilişsel esneklik faktörlerinin bu ilişki üzerindeki aracı rollerini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışmaya 18 ile 75 yaşları arasındaki 458 kişi katılmıştır (%78.4 kadın, %21.6 erkek). Veriler Kovid-19 Kaynaklı Endişe (KKE), YAB semptomları, Bilinçli Farkındalık (BF), Bilişsel Esneklik (BE) ve Bilişsel Kontrol (BK) öz-bildirim ölçekleri kullanılarak çevrimiçi anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Mevcut çalışmanın sonuçları, KKE’nin YAB semptomlarını anlamlı biçimde yordadığını göstermiştir. Salgının sonuçlarına ilişkin endişeler arttıkça YAB semptomları da artmaktadır. Dahası, bu ilişkiye BF ve BK aracılık etmektedir. Bilinçli farkındalığı ve BK’si yüksek olan kişiler daha az YAB semptomu raporlamışlardır. BE’nin kaygı semptomlarını azalttığı bilinse de aracı rolü bu ilişkide anlamlı bulunmamıştır. YAB’de, bireylerin kaygıları gerçek dışı olmasa da çoğunlukla gerçek bir tehdit ile bağlantılı değildir. Fakat salgına ilişkin endişeler gerçek bir tehdit ile ilişkili olduğundan salgın hakkındaki inançlar ve düşünceler işlevsiz olmayabilir. Bu inançları değiştirmektense, bilişsel kontrolde olduğu gibi, dikkati amaç doğrultusunda yönlendirebilme becerisine sahip olmak daha anlamlı olabilir. Ayrıca, salgın pek çok insanı olumsuz etkilemiştir. Bu deneyimleri yargılayıcı olmayan bir şekilde kabul etmek daha işlevsel bir yol olabilir. Bulgular, salgın sırasında YAB semptomlarına sahip olan bireylerin bilinçli farkındalık ve bilişsel kontrol temelli müdahalelerden faydalanabileceğini vurgulamaktadır.
The mediating role of mindfulness, cognitive control, and cognitive flexibility on the relationship between COVID-19 concerns and generalized anxiety disorder
The outbreak of COVID-19 presents a threat to human psychology and shows an increase in anxiety. With the uncertainty during the pandemic, individuals are concerned about different areas in their life such as health or economy. Thus, an increase in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) symptoms is expected. The present study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 concerns and GAD-symptoms, and the mediating roles of Mindfulness, Cognitive Control (CC), and Cognitive Flexibility (CF) in this relationship. 458 individuals aged between 18-75 (78.4% female, 21.6% male) participated in the present study. Data was collected online using self-reported questionnaires measuring concerns related to COVID-19, GAD-symptoms, Mindfulness, CC, and CF. The results of the present study showed that GAD-symptoms were significantly predicted by coronavirus concerns. The more worries about the pandemic outcome, the higher GAD-symptoms were reported. Moreover, this association was mediated by Mindfulness and CC. Mindful individuals and those with higher CC showed fewer GAD-symptoms. Even though CF has been found as decreasing anxiety symptoms, it did not affect coronavirus concerns. Regarding GAD, individuals’ worries are not unrealistic, but mostly not linked to real threat. During the pandemic on the other hand, worries are related to real danger. Thus, beliefs about the pandemic might not be maladaptive. Instead of changing these beliefs, having the ability to direct attention purposefully through CC might be more functional. Furthermore, accepting their experiences in a non-judgmental way might be adaptive. These results highlight that individuals with GAD-symptoms might benefit from interventions based on Mindfulness and CC during the pandemic.

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