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Yıl:2024; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Türk Uyku Tıbbı Dergisi; 2024;11(1):10-19
Uykusuzluk Bozukluğunun Psikolojik Modelleri: Güncel Bir Derleme
KK Türkarslan, D Canel Çınarbaş
Atılım Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Ankara,
Uykusuzluk bozukluğu kişisel ve toplumsal maliyetler yaratan; başlıca uykuya dalmada zorlanma, uykuyu sürdürmede güçlük ve sabah planlanandan daha erken saatlerde uyanma belirtileri ile karakterize olan psikiyatrik bir rahatsızlıktır. Toplumun yaklaşık %10’unun uykusuzluk bozukluğuna sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir. Çalışmalar uykusuzluk bozukluğuna sahip olmanın genel hayat kalitesini düşürdüğünü, günlük işlevselliği azalttığını, bazı psikomotor ve bilişsel becerilerde bozulmalara sebep olduğunu, iş performansını düşürdüğünü, iş yerinde daha fazla devamsızlık yapmaya sebep olduğunu ve uykusuzluk bozukluğu dışındaki rahatsızlıklar için artan tedavi maliyetleri ortaya çıkardığını göstermektedir. Tüm bunlara ek olarak uykusuzluğun pek çok farklı psikiyatrik rahatsızlık için bir risk etmeni olduğu bilinmektedir. Son 50 yılda yapılan çalışmalar uykusuzluk bozukluğunu psikolojik açıdan açıklayan çeşitli modellerin ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu psikolojik modellerden başlıcaları; “uyaran kontrolü modeli”, “Spielman modeli”, “mikroanalitik model”, “nörobilişsel model”, “tehdit algısının yüksek risk modeli”, “uykuya müdahale eden-uykuyu yorumlayan süreçler modeli”, “psikobiyolojik baskılama modeli”, “bilişsel model”, “evrimsel- duygusal model” ve “korku simülasyonu modeli”dir. Bu derleme makalesinin amacı uykusuzluk bozukluğunun psikolojik modellerinin temel sayıltılarından bahsederek modellerin güncel bir tablosunu sunmaktır.
Psychological Models of Insomnia Disorder: A Recent Review
Insomnia disorder, causing personal and societal costs, is a psychiatric disorder characterized by difficulties in falling asleep, maintaining sleep, and waking up earlier than planned in the morning. Approximately 10% of the population suffers from insomnia. Previous studies have shown that insomnia disorder reduces the overall quality of life, decreases daily functionality, leads to impairments in some psychomotor and cognitive skills, reduces job performance, causes more absenteeism at work, and increases treatment costs for disorders other than insomnia. Moreover, insomnia is a risk factor for different psychiatric disorders. Research conducted over the last 50 years has led to the emergence of various models to explain insomnia disorder from psychological viewpoints. These psychological models can be listed as the “stimulus control model”, “Spielman model”, “microanalytic model”, “neurocognitive model”, “high-risk model of threat perception”, “sleep interfering-sleep interpreting processes model”, “psychobiological inhibition model”, “cognitive model”, “evolutionary-emotional model”, and “fear simulation model”. The aim of this review article is to present an up-to- date picture of the psychological models of insomnia by outlining the basic assumptions.

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