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Yıl:2024; Cilt: 16; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar; 2024;16(2):306-316
Kendine Zarar Verme Davranışının İnşa Edilmiş Doğası: Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme
A N Pekasıl
Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara
1980 sonrasında kendine zarar verme davranışına yönelik artan ilgiye rağmen ilgili davranışların tanımlanmasına, sınıflandırılmasına, tercih edilme sebeplerine ve devamlılığını sağlayan motivasyonlara ilişkin kapsayıcı yaklaşımlar ortaya konulamamıştır. Bu durum kendine zarar verme davranışı gösteren bireylerin damgalanmaları ve nitelikli olmayan hizmet sunumlarıyla karşılaşmaları gibi olumsuz tutum ve davranışlara sebep olabilmektedir. Olumsuz tutum ve davranışları minimum düzeye indirmek için kendine zarar verme davranışı gösteren bireylerle ilişki halinde olan tüm meslek gruplarının kendi kişisel, kültürel, politik ve entelektüel geçmişlerini dikkate almaları gerekmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, patolojik olarak sınıflandırılan kendine zarar verme davranışlarıyla sosyo-kültürel veya sanatsal olarak onaylanan kendine zarar verme eylemleri arasındaki sınırların bulanıklığını, akışkanlığını ve geçirgenliğini tartışmaktır. Bu doğrultuda kendine zarar vermenin sosyal olarak inşa edilmiş doğasını fark etmeye teşvik ve düşünümsel uygulamalara çağrı olması açısından kendine zarar verme davranış tanımları eleştirel değerlendirilmiş ve edebi metinler, kültürel uygulamalar, sanat performanslarında gömülü olan kendine zarar verme eylemleri keşfedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak kendine zarar vermenin ne olduğuna dair bireysel ve kültürel olarak değişen çoklu anlamlar bulunmaktadır ve hiçbir anlam diğerinden önce gelmemektedir. Zira tüm anlamlar tarihsel ve kültürel olarak görecelidir. Bu görecelilik, bağlamsallık ve akışkanlık anlaşıldığında kendine zarar verme davranışlarının marjinal olmayan ortak insan deneyimleri olduğu fark edilebilir. Bu farkındalık ise kendine zarar verme davranışında bulunan bireylerin kendi kendine bakım verme kapasitelerini artırmada ve iyilik hallerini yükseltmede önemli olan empatik uygulamaları mümkün kılabilir.
Constructed Nature of Self-Harm Behavior: A Critical Assessment
Despite the increasing interest in self-harm behaviors after 1980, comprehensive approaches regarding the definition, classification, reasons for preference, and motivations that sustain such behaviors have not been established. This situation has led individuals who engage in self-harm behaviors to encounter negative attitudes and behaviors such as stigmatization and unqualified service provision. In order to minimize negative attitudes and behaviors, all professional groups who are in contact with individuals engaging in self-harm behaviors need to consider their own personal, cultural, political, and intellectual backgrounds. The aim of the current study is to discuss the ambiguity, fluidity, and permeability of the boundaries between pathologically classified self-harm behaviors and socio-cultural or artistically approved self-harming acts. In this regard, definitions of self-harm behaviors have been critically evaluated to encourage awareness of the socially constructed nature of self-injury and to call for reflective practices. Self-harming acts embedded in literary texts, cultural practices, and art performances have been explored for this purpose. As a result, there are multiple individual and cultural meanings attached to what self-harm is, and no meaning takes precedence over the other because all meanings are historically and culturally relative. When this relativity, contextuality, and fluidity are understood, it will be realized that self-harm behaviors are not marginal but even common human experiences. This awareness can enable reflective and empathic practices that are important in increasing individuals’ self-care capacities and enhancing their well-being in self-harm behaviors.

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