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Yıl:2024; Cilt: 35; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2024;35(2):87-94
Suriye Kökenli Sığınmacıların Ruh Sağlığı Hizmetlerine Ulaşmasını Engelleyen Etmenler: Karma Yöntemli Bir Çalışma
C Kılıç, E Kaya, Ö Karadag, S Üner
Hacettepe Üniversitesi,Ankara
Amaç: Suriyeli sığınmacılar, savaş travması sonucu oluşan ruh sağlığı sorunlarını yaygın biçimde yaşamalarına rağmen ruh sağlığı hizmetlerine başvurma ve hizmet ihtiyaçları ile ilgili bilgiler sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Ankara’da yaşayan Suriyeli sığınmacıların ruh sağlığı hizmet ihtiyaçlarını, hizmet başvurularını ve başvuruyu engelleyen etmenleri incelemektir. Yöntem: Ankara’da yaşayan 420 Suriyeli sığınmacının katıldığı karma yöntemli bu çalışmada görüşmeler, sığınmacıların evlerinde, görüşme eğitimi almış, Arapça konuşan görüşmeciler tarafından yüzyüze yapılmıştır. Sığınmacılarda travma sonrası stres bozukluğu ve depresyon sıklıkları Harvard Travma Anketi ve Beck Depresyon Envanteri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %14,8’i (N=62) Türkiye’ye geldiklerinden beri ruh sağlığı hizmetine ihtiyaç duyduklarını, %1,4’ü ise (N=6) yardım için ruh sağlığı hizmetine başvurduğunu belirtmiştir. Türkçe bilmeme ve hizmetler hakkında bilgi eksikliği ruh sağlığı hizmetleri başvurusu konusunda katılımcıların belirttikleri en önemli engeller olmuştur. Hizmet sunucular ve yöneticilerle yapılan niteliksel görüşmelerde de sığınmacıların ruh sağlığına erişimleri önündeki en önemli bariyerler; yaşam zorlukları, dil ve kültürel engeller ve ruhsal sorunlarla ilgili farkındalığın düşük olması olarak belirtilmiştir. Kadın olma, bedensel veya ruhsal hastalığının olması, ruh sağlığı hizmet ihtiyacını yordayan değişkenlerdir. Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız sığınmacılarda ruhsal sorunların yaygın olmasına karşılık, bildirilen hizmet ihtiyacı ve hizmete başvurunun çok düşük olduğunu göstermektedir. Ruhsal tedavi açığını gidermek için hizmet kullanımı önündeki engellerin (dil bilmeme ve farkındalık eksikliği) tanımlanması ve çözümlenmesi gerekmektedir.
Barriers To Accessing Mental Health Services Among Syrian Refugees: A Mixed-Method Study
Objective: Although Syrian refugees have high rates of mental health problems due to war trauma, little is known on their degree of need for and contact with mental health services. Using a population sample of Syrian refugees living in Ankara, we assessed the perceived need for and contact with mental health services, as well as the barriers to access these services. Method: This was a cross-sectional mixed-method study of 420 Syrian refugees living in Ankara city center, using face to face interviews administered at the respondents’ home by trained, Arabic-speaking interviewers. PTSD and depression were assessed using Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. Results: Of all the refugees in our sample, 14,8% (N=62) stated that they felt the need for mental healthcare since arriving in Turkey. The actual number contacting any mental health service was very low (1,4%, N=6). The most important barriers to accessing mental health services were reported by the respondents to be language problems and lack of information on available mental health services. Service providers and policymakers also reported similar topics as the most important barriers: low awareness about mental health problems, daily living difficulties, and language and cultural barriers. Multivariate analyses revealed that presence of medical or mental disorders and female gender predicted the perceived need for contacting services. Conclusion: Our results show that, although refugees report high rates of mental health problems, the perceived need for and actual contact with services are very low. To address this treatment gap, and to provide adequate care for refugees with mental health problems, common barriers (language and awareness) should be identified and dealt with.

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