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Yıl:2023; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 29>> Özet
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Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2023;11(29):470-487
Kurt Lewin’in Hayatı ve Sosyal Psikolojiye Katkısı
H Yentür, T Elcil, N Enöz, M B Balçıklı, S Akfırat
İzmir Üniversitesi, İzmir
Kurt Lewin’in sosyal psikolojideki katkısının yeterince anlaşılmadığı görülmektedir. Aynı şekilde genç araştırmacıların sosyal psikolojideki kavramların tarihsel seyrini takip etmede zorlandıkları ve buradaki epistemolojik kopuşları kavrayamadıkları söylenebilir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmanın amacı, genç araştırmacıların sosyal psikolojideki kavramsal süreci kavramalarını sağlamak ve Kurt Lewin’in kuramından daha fazla yararlanmalarının önünü açmaktır. Lewin, Alan Kuramında sosyal gerçekliğe dayalı fikirler geliştirmiştir. Grup kavramına ilişkin yaklaşımı ise dönemin çok ilerisinde olup günümüzdeki grup yaklaşımlarına benzemektedir. Lewin, grupların varlığını kabul eder ancak kuramını grubun dinamik bir doğası olduğu çerçevesinde inşa eder. Lewin, grup dinamiklerini ele alırken grup bağlamı ve fiziksel koşullar gibi birçok faktörü dikkate alır. Lewin, “Üç Adımlı Model” çerçevesinde, bir gruptaki değişim ve davranışları deneysel bir yöntemle incelemeye çalışmıştır. Çalışmalarının en özgün özelliği ise bağlamı bilimsel bir çerçevede ele alması ve genç araştırmacılara yöntemsel bir perspektif sunmasıdır. Sonuç olarak, Lewin, sosyal psikolojideki eleştirilerin temel odağı olan bağlamı, kuramsal ve yöntemsel bir çerçevede ele almıştır. Buradan hareketle çalışmada öncelikle Kurt Lewin’in Biyografisi verilip devamında Alan Kuramı, Grup Dinamikleri Yaklaşımı, Eylem Çalışmaları ve güncel çalışmalara değinilecektir
Kurt Lewin's Life and Contribution to Social Psychology
t seems that Kurt Lewin's contribution to social psychology is not sufficiently understood. Likewise, it can be said that young researchers have difficulty in following the historical course of concepts in social psychology and cannot understand the epistemological breaks here. Therefore, the aim of this study is to enable young researchers to understand the conceptual process in social psychology and to enable them to benefit more from Kurt Lewin's theory. In his Field Theory, Lewin developed ideas based on this social reality. Lewin’s approach to the group concept is far ahead of the period and resembles today's group approaches. Lewin accepts the existence of groups but builds his theory within the framework that the group has a dynamic nature. Lewin, while addressing group dynamics; takes into account many factors such as group context, and physical conditions. Within the framework of the "Three-Step Model", Lewin tried to examine the changes and behaviors in a group with an experimental method. The most unique feature of his studies is that he handles the context within a scientific framework and offers a methodological perspective to young researchers. As a result, the context, which is the main focus of criticism in the field of social psychology, is handled in a theoretical and methodical framework by Lewin. Based on this, the study will first give Kurt Lewin's Biography and then focus on Field Theory, Group Dynamics Approach, Action Research and current studies.

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