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Yıl:2023; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 29>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2023;11(29):392-417
Bağlam Düzeyi Uyumluluk Oranı Etkisinin Altında Yatan BilişselSüreçlerin İncelenmesi
Ö Bozkurt, K İ Oker, M Mısırlısoy, N B Atalay
Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir
Bağlama bağlı bilişsel kontrol çalışmalarında, iki adet uzamsal bağlam oluşturulur ve bu bağlamlarda Stroop uyarıcıları farklı uyumluluk oranlarında sunulur. Örneğin ekranın üst yarısında sunulan Stroop uyarıcıları çoğunlukla uyumlu (%75 uyumlu, %25 uyumsuz) olarak sunulurken, ekranın alt yarısında sunulan Stroop uyarıcıları çoğunlukla uyumsuz (%75 uyumsuz, %25 uyumlu) olarak sunulur. Çoğunlukla uyumlu bağlamdaki Stroop etkisi, çoğunlukla uyumsuz bağlamdaki etkiye kıyasla daha büyüktür. Aradaki fark Bağlam Düzeyi Uyumluluk Oranı (BDUO) etkisi olarak adlandırılır. Kimi araştırmacılar BDUO etkisinin uyarıcı düzeyinde gerçekleşen kontrol mekanizmaları (uyarıcı düzeyi uyumluluk oranı [UDUO] etkisi) ile ilgili olduğunu iddia ederken kimileri BDUO etkisinin bağımsız bir etki olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar Stroop uyarıcılarındaki kelime ve tepki arasındaki izlerliğin ve kelime ve renk arasındaki sürenin UDUO etkisini değiştirdiğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada ise BDUO etkisinin UDUO etkisinden farklı olup olmadığını araştırmak amacıyla kelime ve renk arasındaki süre ve izlerlik değişimlemeleri kullanılarak üç adet Stroop deneyi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre UDUO etkisinin aksine kelime ve renk arasındaki süre ve izlerlik değişimlemesiyle bağlam uyarıcılarında anlamlı bir BDUO etkisi gözlemlenememiştir. Bu da BDUO etkisinin UDUO etkisinden farklı olduğu görüşünü desteklemektedir. Ayrıca UDUO etkisinden farklı olarak, BDUO etkisinin kullanılan görevin özelliklerinden etkilendiğine ve uzamsal dikkat gerektiren belli görevler dışında gözlemlenmesinin zor olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Investigating Cognitive Processes Underlying the Context-Specific Proportion Congruency Effect
In context-dependent control studies, two spatial contexts are created, and the proportion of the congruent Stroop items differs between them. For instance, at the top-half of the screen, items are mostly presented congruent (75% congruent, 25% incongruent, MC), and at the bottom-half, items are mostly presented incongruent (75% incongruent, 25% incongruent, MI). The Stroop effect in the MC context is larger than the one in the MI context, corresponding to the CSPC effect. While some researchers claimed that the CSPC effect was driven by item-specific control (item-specific proportion congruency [ISPC] effect), others suggested that it was an independent effect. Additionally, it was demonstrated that contingency between word and response and Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA) changed the ISPC effect. In this study, we conducted three Stroop experiments using SOA and contingency manipulations to investigate whether the CSPC effect was different from the ISPC effect. Results showed that the CSPC effect was not significant when SOA was manipulated, and the contingency level did not affect this result. These findings suggested that the CSPC effect was different from the ISPC effect. In addition, it was concluded that the CSPC effect was affected by the task features, and it was hard to observe this effect in tasks not requiring spatial attention.

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