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Yıl:2023; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 29>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2023;11(29):366-391
Ahlaki Temellerin Ötesinde: Ne Varsa Onda Var
B Yalçındağ, T Özkan
Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi, Ankara
Ahlak kavramının içeriği nedir? Bu soru yıllar boyu psikoloji literatüründe kısmen dar bir bakış açısı ile zarar vermemek ve adil olmak şeklinde yanıtlanmıştır. Geçtiğimiz 30 yılda yapılan araştırmalarla ahlak anlayışı oldukça genişlemiştir. Farklı alanlardaki ilerlemeler ahlaka daha kapsamlı bir bakış açısı getirilmesini sağlamıştır; özellikle ahlaki temeller kuramı (ATK), sadakat, otorite ve kutsallık gibi başka ahlaki ilkelerin de varlığını iddia etmiştir. Mevcut araştırma, iki niteliksel çalışmayla sıradan insanların ahlak anlayışını araştırmıştır. İlk çalışmada, ATK’nin ahlaki temel tanımlarını kullanarak katılımcılar tarafından nasıl algılandıklarını anlamayı amaçladık. İkinci çalışmada ise daha yapısal olmayan bir yol kullanarak ahlakı, ahlaklı insanı ve ahlaksız insanı nasıl tanımladıklarını anlamaya çalıştık. Bulgular çoğulcu ahlaki bakış açısını doğrulamıştır. Bununla beraber, ahlaki temellerde daha net işevuruk tanımların gereği ve çeşitli değişiklik önerileri dile getirilmiştir. Sonradan eklenen bir ahlaki kavram olan özgürlük, daha geniş yönleriyle birlikte ahlaki bir temel olarak da desteklenmiştir. Sonuçlar ATK’nin bakış açısını bireysel, toplumsal ve evrensel düzeydeki ahlaki ilkelerle genişletmekte ve ahlaki duygular, erdemler ve kötülükler gibi yeni araştırma alanları sunmaktadır
Beyond Moral Foundations: In it What is in it
What does morality entail? This question has been answered with a rather narrow outlook in psychological literature for years that is not harming and being fair. With the advance of research on recent decades, the understanding of morality has been quite expanded. Advances in different fields enabled a more comprehensive outlook to morality. Specifically, moral foundations theory (MFT) claimed the existence of other additional moral principles, such as loyalty, authority, and sanctity. The current research inquires lay understanding of morality with two qualitative studies. In the first study, we used MFT’s specific moral foundation definitions to understand how they are perceived by participants. In the second study, we used a more unstructured way and tried to understand how they describe morality, moral person, and immoral person. Results confirmed the pluralistic outlook for the morality, along with some suggestions for the modifications and more concise operational definitions of moral foundations. Liberty, as a late addition was supported as a moral foundation along with broader aspects. The results extend MFT outlook with individual, societal and universal level moral principles and offers new research avenues such as moral emotions, virtues, and vices.

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