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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 2; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Gelişim ve Psikoloji Dergisi; 2021;2(4):165-179
Mutlu Fail Olgusu ve Çocukların Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Etnisiteye Dayalı Akran Dışlanmasına Yönelik Yargıları
M Acar, A Yıldız
Mef Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Ahlaki ve sosyal sorgulamanın gelişiminde duyguların anlamlandırılması ve duygu atıflarının da önemli rol oynadığı bulunmuştur (Arsenio, 2014). Bu araştırmanın ilk amacı, çocukların toplumsal cinsiyet ve etnisite bağlamında akran dışlanmasına yönelik yargılarını incelemektir. Buna ek olarak erken çocukluk ve ilkokul yıllarının ilk yarısında gözlemlenen “Mutlu Fail” (Arsenio ve Lover, 1995; Keller vd., 2003) olgusunun Türkiye çalışma grubunda da görülüp görülmediği akran dışlanması bağlamında araştırmaktır. Araştırmada karma araştırma deseni kullanılmış, katılımcı çocuklarla çevirimiçi bir platform üzerinden birebir görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan görüşmelerde özel bir ilkokulda ikinci sınıf öğrencisi olan toplam 24 (12 kız ve 12 oğlan) çocuk, cinsiyet ve etnisite bağlamlarında oyun grubundan dışlanmayı anlatan varsayımsal hikayeleri değerlendirmişlerdir. İlk olarak çocuklara cinsiyet ve etnisite bağlamlarında bir oyun grubundan dışlanmaya yönelik yargı ve gerekçeleri sorulmuştur. Ayrıca, oyun grubunda sadece bir kişilik yer kaldığında çocukların akran tercihinin iç-gruptan mı, yoksa dış-gruptan yana mı olduğu araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, çocukların her iki hikayede de oyun grubundan dışlanmayı olumsuz olarak değerlendirdiğini, çocukların cinsiyet ve etnisite bağlamlarında oyun grubundan dışlanmayı değerlendirirken ahlaki normları gerekçe olarak kullandıkları göstermektedir. Her iki hikayede de çocuklar, oyun grubuna dahil olmayan çocuğa olumsuz duygular (örneğin, üzgün, yalnız) atfetmişlerdir. Öte yandan mutlu fail olgusu ortaya çıkmış, katılımcı çocukların hikayedeki akranını dışlayan çocuklara olumlu duygular atfetmeye daha meyilli oldukları gözlenmiştir. Genel olarak bu çalışmanın sonuçları bize, katılımcı çocukların sosyal dışlanmayı değerlendirirken evrensel bir sorgulama örüntüsü kullandıklarını göstermektedir.
Happy Victimizer Phenomenon and Children’s Judgements on Peer Exclusion Based on Gender and Ethnicity
It has been found that the identifying of emotions and attribution of emotions play an important role in the development of moral and social reasoning (Arsenio, 2014). The primary purpose of this research was to examine children's judgments about peer exclusion in the context of gender and ethnicity. In addition, it investigated whether the phenomenon of "Happy Victimizer" (Arsenio and Lover, 1995; Keller et al., 2003) in the early childhood and first half of primary school years is also seen in the Turkish study group in the context of peer exclusion. The research used a mixed research design, and one-on-one interviews were conducted with the participating children over an online platform. In the interviews, a total of 24 (12 girls and 12 boys) second-year students in a private primary school evaluated hypothetical stories about being excluded from the playgroup in terms of gender and ethnicity. First, the children were asked about their judgments and reasons for being excluded from a playgroup regarding gender and ethnicity. In addition, it was investigated whether the children's peer preference was for the in-group or the out-group when there was only one room left in the playgroup. The results showed that children negatively evaluated being excluded from the playgroup in both stories. They use moral norms as justification when evaluating exclusion from the playgroup in terms of gender and ethnicity. In both stories, the children attributed negative emotions (e.g., sad, lonely) to the child who was not included in the playgroup. On the other hand, the happy victimizer phenomenon emerged. The participating children were more inclined to attribute positive emotions to children who excluded their peers in the story. In general, the results of this study reveal that the participating children use universal reasoning patterns when evaluating social exclusion.

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