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Yıl:2024; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Humanistic Perspective; 2024;6(1):59-82
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Görüş ve Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi: Pekiştirme ve Cezalandırma Yaklaşımlarının Analizi
A Kurşun, FN Şen
Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Bu çalışmada okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin pekiştirme ve cezalandırma kullanımları davranışsal yaklaşım ışığında incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, özel sektörde görev yapan okul öncesi eğitimcilerinin pekiştirme ve ceza uygulamalarına ve görüşlerine odaklanılmıştır bu açıdan fenomolojik desen (olgubilim) yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Pekiştirme ve ceza ile ilgili düşünceleri ve uyguladıkları uygulamalar hakkında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemiyle açık uçlu sorular sorulmuştur. Sonuç olarak dört açık uçlu soru sorulmuş, öğretmenlerin yanıtları kaydedilmiş ve yazıya dökülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin cevapları araştırmacı tarafından kaydedilmiş ve tematik analiz yöntemiyle incelenip, kodlanmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Öğretmenlerin pekiştirme ve ceza yöntemini büyük ölçüde desteklediği ve bu konuda olumlu görüşlere sahip oldukları ortaya konulmuştur. En çok savunulan görüş, pekiştirme yönteminin çocuğun motive olmasına yardımcı olduğu görüşü iken, en çok kullanılan pekiştirme uygulaması sözel onaydır. Öğretmenlerin ceza konusunda tereddütleri olsa da çoğu öğretmen cezanın sınıf ortamlarında bir disiplin yöntemi olarak ve istenmeyen davranışları azaltmak için kullanılmasını desteklemiştir. En çok kullanılan ceza uygulamasının mola (time-out) olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu bulgular doğrultusunda, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin davranışçı tekniklerin sınıfta kullanılması konusunda olumlu düşünceleri olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır
Examining the Views and Practices of Preschool Teachers: An Analysisof Reinforcement and Punishment Approaches
In the present study, an investigation was conducted into preschool teachers' utilization of reinforcement and punishment within the framework of the behavioral approach. The study concentrated on examining the reinforcement and punishment strategies, along with the perspectives of preschool teachers employed in the private sector. A phenomenological study method was employed, wherein open-ended questions were presented through a semi-structured interview format to solicit the thoughts and practices of the teachers concerning reinforcement and punishment. Four open-ended questions were asked, and the responses provided by the teachers were meticulously recorded and transcribed. Subsequently, the recorded responses underwent analysis, coding, and interpretation using the thematic analysis method. The findings illuminated a prevalent inclination among teachers to endorse the use of reinforcement and punishment, reflecting a generally positive sentiment toward these behavioral methods. Notably, the reinforcement method received robust support, with many teachers asserting its efficacy in motivating children. Among the various reinforcement practices, verbal approval emerged as the most frequently employed. Conversely, while some reservations were expressed regarding the use of punishment, a substantial number of teachers advocated for its utilization as a disciplinary method to address undesirable behaviors within the classroom. The most frequently implemented form of punishment was identified as time-out. In summation, the research indicates that preschool teachers harbor affirmative ideas towards the incorporation of behaviorist techniques in their classroom management approaches.

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