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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 37; Sayı: 89>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 2022;37(89):1-16
Yaklaşma Hızının Görsel Kontrolü: Optik Değişkenler,Kontrol Stratejileri ve Taşıt Dinamiklerinin Etkisi
D Kadıhasanoğlu
TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Ankara
Bu çalışmada, “seyir halindeyken yol üzerindeki bir engele çarpmadan durma” görevi bağlamında, frenleme sistemi gibi taşıt dinamiklerinin yaklaşma hızının görsel kontrolünde kullanılan optik değişkenler ve kontrol stratejileri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu görev ile karşılaştıklarında insanlar, dürtüsel frenleme ve kesintisiz frenleme olmak üzere iki davranış sergilerler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, lineer olmayan bir frenleme fonksiyonunun dürtüsel frenleme ve kesintisiz frenleme davranışlarının altında yatan optik değişkenler ve kontrol stratejilerini nasıl değiştirdiğini araştırmaktır. Deney 1’in bulguları, lineer olmayan bir frenleme fonksiyonu kullanıldığında dürtüsel frenleme davranışının esnek sabit tau stratejisi kullanılarak gerçekleştirildiğini göstermektedir. Tau optik değişkeni belli bir kritik değere yaklaştığında frene basılmıştır. Engelden uzaktayken kullanılan kritik tau değeri 3.7 s iken engele yakınken kullanılan kritik tau değeri 2 s olarak bulunmuştur. Kesintisiz frenleme davranışını incelemek üzere tasarlanan Deney 2’nin bulguları, lineer olmayan bir frenleme fonksiyonu kullanıldığında katılımcıların ağırlıklı olarak dürtüsel frenleme davranışı sergilediğini göstermiştir. Bir başka deyişle, dürtüsel frenleme davranışını baskılamak mümkün olmamıştır. Deney 2’de, dürtüsel frenleme davranışı yine esnek sabit tau stratejisi kullanılarak sergilenmiştir. Engelden uzaktayken kullanılan kritik tau değeri 3 s iken, engele yakınken kullanılan kritik tau değeri 1.5 s olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, lineer olmayan frenleme fonksiyonunun dürtüsel frenleme davranışını pekiştirdiği ve kesintisiz frenleme davranışının sergilenmesini engellediği tespit edilmiştir.
Visually-Guided Braking: The Optical Variables, Control Strategies and the Effect of Vehicle Dynamics
This study aims to investigate the effects of vehicle dynamics, such as the braking function, on the optical variables and control strategies used in visually-guided braking. The task used in the study was “to slow down from a high speed to stop before reaching an obstacle in the path of motion”. Given this task, humans exhibit two different behaviors: impulsive braking and continuously regulated braking. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that, when the braking function was nonlinear, the weak version of the constant tau strategy was used in impulsive braking. The brake was initiated when the optical variable tau reached a critical value. When the obstacle was far away, the critical tau value was 3.7 s. When the obstacle was close, the critical tau value was 2 s. The aim of Experiment 2 was to investigate continuously-regulated braking. Experiment 2 revealed that, when the braking function was nonlinear, the participants exhibited predominantly impulsive braking and used the weak version of the constant tau strategy. The critical tau value used when away from the obstacle was 3 s, while the critical tau value used when close to the obstacle was 1.5 s. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that a nonlinear braking function reinforces impulsive braking and suppresses continuously-regulated braking.

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