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Yıl:2024; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 13>> Özet
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Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi; 2024;7(13):35-44
Psikoterapistin Narsisizmi ve Terapötik Sürece EtkisiYüklemeleri ve KOVİD-19 Fobisi ile İlişkisi
E Kılıç
Bağımsız Araştırmacı,Türkiye
Terapistin danışan ile empati kurabilme, aktarım ve karşı aktarım bağlantılarını çözümleyebilme, danışanının güçlü parçalarını destekleyerek terapötik ortamda doğal, samimi ve içe dönebilen bir halde bulunabilme becerisi, kendi psikolojik yapısı ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Başta narsisistik kişilik bozukluğu olan veya narsisistik savunması bulunan danışanların terapisinde olmak üzere terapistin, tanrı-kurtarıcı rolünden ve kendi narsisizminden vazgeçebilmesi önemlidir. Danışan; doğal, samimi, karşı aktarımını içtenlikle yorumlayabilen ve kendini olduğu gibi kabul eden terapistin güçlü duruşunu dönüştürerek içselleştirme yaparak içe alır. Danışan kendi narsisizmini ancak bu şekilde olgun bir hale getirebilir. Danışan terapistin bu olgun ve güçlü duruşunu bozmak ister, çünkü Kohut’un açıklamalarına göre çocuk ebeveyninin narsisizminden beslendiği gibi terapistinin narsisizminden beslenerek kendi narsisizmini doyurur. Terapistin kendi narsisizminden vazgeçmesi, danışanın bozucu, yıkıcı ve terk edici nesne ilişkilerini ortaya çıkarmasını sağlayabilir. Terapistlerin kendi narsisizmlerini olgunlaştırması, danışanlarının her türlü bozucu aktarımına dayanıklılıklarını artırarak psikoterapötik süreci tam olarak gerçekleştirebilmelerini sağlar. Bu bakımdan terapistin patolojilerini kendi terapi sürecinden geçerek veya süpervizyon alarak kontrolde tutması ve olgunlaştırması değişim ve dönüşümü sağlayan terapiler gerçekleştirebilmeleri için elzemdir olan belirsizliği ortaya çıkarmıştır. Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük olarak işevuruklaştırılan belirsizliğin daha çok psikopatolojik değişkenlerle (anksiyete, depresyon vb.) ilişkisi araştırılmış, belirsizliğe sosyal psikolojik açıdan yaklaşılmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün ve Kovid-19 korkusunun sosyal kimlikler (toplumsal cinsiyet, yaş, iş/meslek vb.) aracılığıyla farklı biçimde deneyimlenip deneyimlenmediğini, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün Kovid-19 pandemisine ilişkin nedensel yüklemelerle ilişkili olup olmadığını ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün Kovid-19 korkusunu ne derece yordadığını saptamaktır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 20-65 yaş arasında toplam 208 (130 kadın %62.5, 78 erkek %37.5) katılımcı oluşturmuştur. Dört veri toplama aracıyla (Katılımcıların sosyal kategori üyeliklerine ilişkin anket, nedensel yükleme anketi, Kovid-19 Fobisi Ölçeği ve Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği) toplanan çalışma verileri Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik (SPSS) 25.00 Programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda kadınların erkeklere göre daha yüksek düzeyde Kovid-19 fobisi olduğu, genç kadınların ileri yaştaki kadınlara göre daha belirsizlik tahammülsüzlük (ileriye yönelik belirsizlik alt boyutunda) düzeyinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün bazı nedensel yüklemeler ile diğerlerine göre daha yüksek düzeyde ilişkili olduğunu ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün her iki cinsiyette Kovid-19 fobisini önemli derecede yordadığını, ama kadınlardaki yordama gücünün daha güçlü olduğunu göstermiştir. Araştırma sonuçları sadece Kovid-19 pandemisinin sosyal psikolojik analizi açısından değil, daha genel bir afet sosyal psikolojisi çerçevesi açısından da değerlendirilmiştir.
Narcissism of a Therapist and Its Effect on the Therapeutic Processwith Gender, COVID-19 Attributions andCOVID-19 Phobia
The therapist’s ability to empathize with the counselee, to analyze transference and countertransference connections by supporting the counselee’s strong parts, and to be in a natural, sincere, and introverted state in the therapeutic environment is directly related to her psychological structure. The therapist needs to be able to give up the god-savior role and her narcissism, especially in the therapy of clients with narcissistic personality disorder or narcissistic defenses. The client; internalizes and ingests by transforming the strong stance of the therapist, who is natural, sincere, can sincerely interpret the countertransference, and accepts himself as s/he is. Only in this way can the client mature her/his narcissism. The counselee wants to disrupt this mature and strong stance of the therapist, because according to Kohut’s explanations, the child feeds on the narcissism of the therapist, just as the child feeds on the narcissism of his/her parent, and satisfies his/her narcissism. The therapist’s abandonment of narcissism may enable the counselee to reveal disruptive, destructive, and abandoning object relationships. Therapists’ maturation of their own narcissism enables them to fully perform the treatment by increasing their resilience to all kinds of disruptive transference of their clients. In this regard, it is essential for the therapist to keep their pathologies under control and mature them through their own therapy process or by receiving supervision in order to carry out therapies that enable change and transformation of uncertainty, While intolerance of uncertainty has been investigated mostly with psychopathological variables (e.g. anxiety, depression) in the COVID-19 literature, it has seldomly been investigated by a social psychological approach. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between social identities (e.g. gender, age, job/vocation) and other COVID-19 related variables and intolerance of uncertainty and fear of COVID-19, the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty level and the type of causal attribution of COVID-19 pandemics and the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty level and phobia of COVID-19 level. The sample of the study consists of adult individuals between the ages of 20-65. The data of the study were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.00 Program. The results showed that women's COVID-19 phobia level is higher than man, young women's level of intolerance of uncertainty is higher than older women, there is significant relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and the some type of causal attributions and the intolerance of uncertainty has predicted the COVID-19 phobia significantly. The results of the study are discussed not only in the context of COVID-19, but also the implications that may have for a broader framework of a social psychology of disasters.

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