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Yıl:2023; Cilt: 34; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2023;34(4):272-281
Sinaptik Enerji Kaynağı Glikojenin Kullanımının Engellenmesinin Depresyon-benzeri Davranışlara Etkisi
E E Erk , B N Demir , H Karataş Kurşun , M Yemişçi Özkan , T Dalkara , E Eren Koçak
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Amaç: Fizyolojik koşullarda astrositler, nöronal aktiviteye bağlı artan sinaptik enerji ihtiyacını karşılamak için laktat üretir. Majör depresyon patofizyolojisinde, bu sürecin bozulduğunu gösteren bulgular ışığında bu çalışmada, dişi ve erkek farelerde perisinaptik astrosit glikojeni kullanımının farmakolojik inhibisyonunun anksiyete-benzeri ve depresyon-benzeri davranışlar üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: Araştırma kapsamında 15 dişi, 14 erkek Swiss albino fareye glikojeni yıkan enzim glikojen fosforilaz inhibitörü DAB (1,4-dideoksi1,4-imino-D-arabinitol); 15 dişi, 12 erkek Swiss albino fareye ise serum fizyolojik intrahipokampal olarak enjekte edilmiştir. Enjeksiyondan üç ve beş gün sonra, deney hayvanlarının anksiyete-benzeri ve depresyon-benzeri davranışları lökomotor aktivite, açık alan testi, aydınlık-karanlık kutu testi, kuyruktan asma testi ve sükroz tercihi testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: DAB grubu erkek farelerde üçüncü gün ne depresyon-benzeri ne de anksiyete-benzeri davranışlarda kontrollere kıyasla anlamlı bir fark görülmüştür, ancak beşinci gün lökomotor aktivitede (p=0,05) ve açık alanda geçirilen sürede (p=0,01) artış gözlenmiştir. DAB grubu dişi farelerde de hem üçüncü hem de beşinci günlerde yapılan değerlendirmelerde, erkeklerdeki gibi, depresyon-benzeri ve anksiyete-benzeri davranışlar kontrollere benzer bulunmuştur. Sadece dişi farelerde sükroz tercih testinde toplam tüketilen sıvı içinde sükrozlu suyu tercih etme oranı kontrollere kıyasla (p=0,003) daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Hipokampusta glikojen kullanımının inhibisyonu ne dişi ne de erkek farelerde incelenen zaman aralıklarında anksiyete-benzeri ve depresyon-benzeri davranışları etkilemiştir. Deney grubu erkek farelerde açık alanda geçirilen süredeki artış, anksiyete-benzeri davranış ile değil, lökomotor aktivitedeki artışla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Anksiyete-benzeri davranışı değerlendirmekte kullanılan diğer bir test olan aydınlık-karanlık kutu testinde de fark görülmemiş olması bu kanıyı destekler niteliktedir. DAB uygulanan dişi farelerde sükroz tercihi testinde kontrollere kıyasla görülen artış hedonik davranışlarda artış olarak yorumlanabilir. Ancak, kullanılan farmakolojik ajanın glikojen yıkımını engellemesi homeostatik olarak şeker-aşermeyi artırmış, o nedenle sükroz tercihinde artış görülmüş de olabilir. İleri çalışmalarda enerji ve glukoz metabolizmasını hedef alan desenlerde davranışı değerlendirmek amacıyla farklı testlerin ve cerrahiden daha uzak zaman noktalarının seçilmesi daha uygun olabilir.
The Effect of Inhibition of Perisynaptic Astrocyte Glycogen Utilization on Depression-Like Behavior
Objective: Under physiological conditions, astrocytes produce lactate to meet the increased synaptic energy demand due to neuronal activity. In the light of the findings showing that this process is disrupted in the pathophysiology of major depression, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pharmacological inhibition of perisynaptic astrocyte glycogen utilization on anxiety-like behavior and depression-like behavior in female and male mice. Methods: In this study, DAB (1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol), which is an inhibitor of glycogen breaking enzyme glycogen phosphorylase, was intrahippocampally administered to 15 female and 14 male Swiss albino mice, while 15 female and 12 male Swiss albino mice received intrahippocampal saline injections. Three and five days after the injections, the anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors of the mice were assessed by locomotor activity, open-field test, light-dark box test, tail suspension test and sucrose preference test. Results: Three days after injection, neither depression-like nor anxietylike significant behavioral changes were detected in the male experimental group mice compared to the control group; but an increase in locomotor activity (p=0.05) and time spent in the open-field (p=0.01) were observed on the fifth day. In evaluations of the female experimental group mice on the third and fifth days, depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors were found similar to the control group, as seen in the male mice. The only significant difference in the experimental group female mice was found in the sucrose preference test, which revealed an increased tendency to prefer sucrose (p=0.003) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The inhibition of glycogen use in the hippocampus by DAB did not affect anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors 3 and 5 days after injection in both female and male mice. The increase in the time spent in the open-field by male experimental group mice was associated not with anxiety, but with increase in the locomotor activity. The fact that no significant difference was observed in the light-dark box test, which is another test used to evaluate anxiety, supported this opinion. The increase seen in the sucrose preference test in female experimental group mice was not interpreted as an increase in hedonic behavior because prevention of glycogen breakdown in the hypothalamus might have homeostatically increased sugar-craving and therefore resulted in an increase in sucrose preference. Different set of tests better targeting the energy and glucose metabolism and applied at farther time points than surgery are recommended for future studies.

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