Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2003; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Bağımlılık Dergisi; 2003;4(3):118-122
Şizofreni ve madde kullanımı
Y Akvardar, M Tümüklü, K Alptekin
Dokuz Eylül Üniv. Tıp Fak. Psikiyatri A.D.
Bazı çalışmalarda şizofreni hastalarının yaklaşık yarısında yaşamlarının bir döneminde madde kötüye kullanımı
bildirilmesine karşın, iki hastalığın birlikte görülme sıklığı
konusunda henüz görüş birliğine varılmamıştır. Alkol bağımlılığı, sigara içme ve psikostimulan madde kötüye kullanımı
şizofrenide en sık bildirilen bağımlılıklardır. Genetik yatkınlık, nörogelişimsel bozukluk, aşırı duyarlılık, self medikasyon, sosyal-çevresel etkenler ve kişilik özellikleri gibi çeşitli
hipotezler şizofreni hastalarının madde kullanma nedenlerini açıklamak üzere öne sürülmüştür. Günümüzde bu sorunun yaygınlaşması kısmen toplumda madde kullanımı kabul
edilirliğinin artışı, maddelerin kolay ulaşılabilirliği, kısmen
de psikiyatrik tedaviyi kurum dışına taşıma süreciyle ilişkili
olmasına karşın, şizofreni hastalarında madde kullanımı ek
tanısının nedenleri henüz kesin olarak aydınlatılamamıştır.
Ülkemizde şizofreni hastalarında sigara ve alkol kullanma oranlarının yüksek, yasal olmayan madde kullanımının
diğer ülkelere oranla ihmal edilebilir düzeyde olması, maddelerle karşılaşma ve onlara ulaşmanın psikiyatrik hastalarda
madde kullanım bozuklukları için önemli belirleyici olduğu
görüşünü desteklemektedir. Bu yazıda, son yıllarda yayınlanan birçok araştırmaya karşın henüz çözümlenmemiş olan
bazı ana konuların ele alınması ve ülkemizdeki çalışmalar
özetlenerek sorunun boyutlarının irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Schizophrenia and Substance Use
Although many studies reported that approximately
half of the patients with schizophrenia are also substance
abusers at some time during their lives, there is yet no
consensus on the prevalence of substance abuse comorbidity in schizophrenia. Alcohol dependence, smoking and
psychostimulant abuse are three most frequently reported
addictions in schizophrenia. Various hypotheses, such as
genetic vulnerability, neurodevelopmental pathologies, supersensitivity, self medication, social-enviromental factors,
personality characteristics have been suggested to explain
the reasons of substance use in patients with schizophrenia.
Although the current pervasiveness of this problem may partially be due to an increasing acceptability of substance use
in society and substance availability, as well as the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric treatment, the exact mechanisms
contributing to comorbid substance abuse in schizophrenia
have not clarified yet.
Relatively high prevalence of cigarette smoking and
alcohol use and neglectable rates of illegal substance use
in our country compared to other countries provide support
that exposure and access to substances play a major role
in comorbidity of substance use disorders in schizophrenia.
This paper reviews some unclarified main issues on this subject despite the recent studies and summarizes the results of
the studies done in our country.

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