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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 26>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2022;10(26):671-683
Plan Televizyonun Erken Çocukluktaki Gelişim ve ÇocukEbeveyn Etkileşimleri ile İlişkisi: Bir Derleme Çalışması
B A Uzundağ
Kadir Has Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Küçük çocukların yaşadıkları evlerde televizyon sıklıkla, özellikle de aile üyelerinin birlikte zaman geçirdikleri süreler boyunca açıktır. Televizyonun arka planda açık olması hem çocuk gelişimi hem de çocukebeveyn etkileşimleri açısından olumsuz çıktılarla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, arka plan televizyonun (1) farklı tanım ve ölçüm yöntemlerini, (2) çocuklu evlerdeki yaygınlığını, (3) ailenin sosyoekonomik seviyesi ile ilişkisini, (4) dikkat, öz düzenleme ve dil gelişimi gibi becerilerin gelişimiyle ilişkisini ve (5) çocuk gelişimi için önem taşıyan çocuk-ebeveyn etkileşimlerini nasıl etkilediğini inceledik. Bulgular, arka plan televizyonun bebekli ve küçük çocuklu evlerde yaygın olduğunu, ailenin eğitim düzeyi düştükçe arka plan televizyon miktarının arttığını ve televizyonun arka planda açık olma sıklığının çocukların dikkat ve öz düzenleme becerileri ve çocuk-ebeveyn etkileşimlerinin miktarı ve kalitesi ile olumsuz yönde ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Boylamsal çalışmalara ve farklı kültürlerde yürütülen çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Gelecek araştırmaların arka plan televizyon miktarını günlük yöntemiyle ölçmesi ve çocuk gelişimi ile ilgili olabilecek çeşitli değişkenleri (örn. dil girdisi, sosyoekonomik seviye) kontrol değişkeni olarak kullanması önerilmektedir.
The Relationship Between Background TV, Child Development, and Child-Caregiver Interactions in Early Childhood: A Review Study
In homes of families with young children, television is frequently on, especially when family members spend time together. That the television is on in the background has been found to be associated with negative outcomes in terms of both child development and child-caregiver interactions. In this review study, we examined (1) different definitions and measurement methods of background TV, (2) how widespread background TV use is in homes with children, (3) its relation to families’ socioeconomic status, (4) its relation to the development of skills such as attention, self-regulation, and language, and (5) how it affects childcaregiver interactions that are important for child development. Our findings show that background TV is commonly used in homes with infants and young children, the amount of background TV increases as the family’s educational level decreases, and longer exposure to background TV is negatively associated with children’s attention and self-regulation skills and the quantity and quality of child-caregiver interactions. Longitudinal studies and studies conducted in diverse cultures are needed. We suggest future studies to measure the amount of background TV with the diary method and use certain variables that might be related to child development (e.g., language input, socioeconomic status) as control variables.

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