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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 25; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2022;25(4):416-419
Depresif belirtili bir ergen anti-NMDAR ensefaliti olgu sunumu
OTP Fındık, G Öztürk, H Akbeyaz, SA Özcan, O Ünver, D Türkdoğan, NP Fis
Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Anti-N-metil-D-aspartat reseptör (anti-NMDAR) ensefalitinin klinik görüntüsü hem nörolojik hem de psikiyatrik semptomları içerir ve NMDAR'ın GluN1 alt birimine karşı otoantikorların varlığıyla teşhis edilir. Klinik görünüm hızla ilerleyen psikiyatrik semptomlar, bilişsel bozukluklar, nöbetler, anormal hareketler gibi özgül olmayan geniş bir belirti yelpazesine sahiptir. Bu nadir klinik durumun seyrinde ruhsal ve davranışsal belirtilerin önemli rol oynaması, psikiyatrik bozukluklarla ayırıcı tanısını güçleştirmekte, tedavide gecikmelere yol açabilmektedir. Bu olgu sunumunda anti-NMDAR ensefaliti tanılı bir ergenin tanı süreci, tedavisi ve takip sonuçları paylaşılmıştır. Gövde ve ekstremitelerde ani başlayan kasılmalar ile başvuran 15 yaşındaki kız ergenin nörolojik muayenesi, semptomları başladığında normal sınırlardaydı. Bunların yeni başlayan depresif semptomlarla ilişkili olduğu düşünüldüğünden sertralin reçete edilmişti. Bir hafta sertralin kullandıktan sonra fasiyal diskinezilerin alevlenmesi nedeniyle acil servise başvurdu. Hastanın klinik takibinde psikotik bulguya rastlanmadı ancak amnezi, bilişsel yavaşlama, intihar girişimi ve fiziksel saldırganlık yönetimi zor olan psikiyatrik belirtilerdi. Rituksimaba geçildikten sonra psikiyatrik semptomlar düzeldi ve tamamen geriledi, tedavinin ikinci yılında hala asemptomatikti. Anti-NMDAR ensefaliti genellikle ergenlik ve genç erişkinlik döneminde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Psikiyatrik belirtiler tanıyı karmaşıklaştırmaktadır. Erken müdahale olumlu bir prognostik belirteç olduğundan, klinisyenlerin bu özel klinik tablo hakkında farkındalığını artırmak önemlidir.
A case report of adolescent anti-NMDAR encephalitis with depressive symptoms
Clinical presentation of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis includes both neurological and psychiatric symptoms, and it is diagnosed with autoantibodies against the GluN1 subunit of NMDAR. The clinical presentation has a wide range of non-specific symptoms such as rapidly progressing psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment, seizures, and abnormal movements. The fact that mental and behavioural symptoms play an important role in the course of this rare clinical disorder complicates the differential diagnosis with psychiatric disorders and may lead to a delay in treatment. This case report presents the diagnostic process, treatment, and follow-up of an adolescent diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Neurological examination of a 15-year-old adolescent girl with sudden onset of contractions in the trunk and extremities were within normal limits when her symptoms started. Sertraline was prescribed since these were considered to be associated with new-onset depressive symptoms. She was admitted to the emergency department because of her exacerbated facial dyskinesias after using sertraline for one week. During clinical follow-up of the patient, no psychotic findings were observed, but amnesia, cognitive slowing, suicide attempts, and physical aggression were psychiatric symptoms that were difficult to manage. Psychiatric symptoms improve after switching to rituximab and regressed totally, still asymptomatic in the second year of treatment. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis usually occurs in adolescence and young adulthood. Psychiatric symptoms complicate the diagnosis. Since early intervention is a positive prognostic marker, it is important to raise clinician awareness of this particular clinical picture.

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