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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 33; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2022;33(4):233-247
Esrar ve Sentetik Kannabinoidler Nörobilişsel İşlevleri Nasıl Etkiler?
H Çelikay Söyler, AE Altıntoprak, E Öztürk Aldemir
Yakındoğu Üniversitesi, Lefkoşa, KKTC
Amaç: Bu çalışmada esrar ve sentetik kannabinoid kullanımının yol açtığı nörobilişsel işlev kayıpları belirli bilişsel alanlar (dikkat ve çalışma belleği, yönetici işlevler, görsel-mekânsal algılama, öğrenme ve bellek, planlama ve problem çözme, sözcük adlandırma) incelenmiş, sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırılarak betimlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Yöntem: Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Madde Bağımlılığı Tedavi Merkezi Polikliniği’ne 2015 Mart - 2017 Haziran ayları arasında başvuruda bulunan geçmişte en az bir yıl esrar kullanmış 52 katılımcı ile geçmişte en az bir yıl sentetik kannabinoid (SK) kullanmış 51 katılımcı araştırmanın madde kullanım geçmişi olan katılımcı grubunu oluştururken, herhangi bir madde kullanım geçmişi olmayan 57 Ege Üniversitesi çalışanı/öğrencisi kontrol grubu katılımcılarını oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemi 160 erkek katılımcılardan oluşmakta, yaş aralığı 18-35 olarak belirlenmekle birlikte, 36-54 yaş aralığında 16 katılımcı yaşla birlikte nöropsikolojik işlevlerdeki değişimi görebilmek amacıyla çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Nöropsikolojik işlevlerden dikkat alanı için Stroop Testi (ST), yönetici işlevler ve çalışma belleği alanları için Raven Standart Progresif Matrisler Testi (RSPM) ile Wisconsin Kart Eşleme Testi (WKET), görsel-mekânsal algılama alanı için Çizgi Yönü Belirleme Testi (ÇYBT) ve İşaretleme Testi (İT), öğrenme ve bellek alanları için Sayı Dizisi Öğrenme Testi (SDÖT) ve Öktem-Sözel Bellek Süreçleri Testi (Ö-SBST), planlama ve problem çözme alanları için Londra Kulesi Testi (LK), sözcük adlandırma alanı için Boston Adlandırma Testi (BAT) kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Odaklanmış dikkat, görsel-mekânsal algılama, görsel tarama, yönelim, sürdürülebilir dikkat, genel yetenek, anlık bellek, öğrenme, uzun süreli bellek, sözcük adlandırma becerilerinde en düşük performansı SK kullanım geçmişi olan katılımcılar gösterirken, tepki hızı, perseverasyon, kavramsallaştırma, soyut düşünme, set değiştirme, tanıma becerilerinde en düşük performans esrar kullanım geçmişi olan katılımcılara aittir. Planlama ve problem çözme becerileri, katılımcıların madde kullanım geçmişleri açısından farklılaşmamıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, bağımlılık alanında sürdürülen tıbbi ve psikososyal iyileştirme çalışmalarına bilişsel rehabilitasyon programlarının eklenmesinin başarıyı arttıracağını düşündürmektedir.
How Do Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoids AffectNeurocognitive Functions?
Objective: In this study, the losses of neurocognitive function caused by the use of cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid were studied on specific cognitive areas (attention and working memory, executive functions, visuospatial perception, learning and memory, planning and problem solving, word naming) and were described in comparision with healthy controls (control group). Method: In this study, while 52 participants who applied to Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Mental Health and Mental Disorders Drug Addiction Treatment Center Clinic between March 2015 – February 2017 and used cannabis at least for one year in the past and 51 participants who used synthetic cannabinoids for at least one year in the past were participant groups with a history of substance use; 57 staff/student of Ege University with no history of any substance use were participants of the control group. The research sample consisted of 160 participants. The sample group consisted of 160 men aged 18-35, and also 16 participants aged 36-54 were involved in the study in order to observe neuropsychological functions that changed with age. Stroop Test for attention area, Raven Standart Progressive Matrices Test for executive functions area, Line Orientation Test and Cancellation Test for visuospatial perception area, Serial Digit Learning Test and Öktem Verbal Memory Progresses Scale for learning and memory area, The Tower of London Test for planning and problem solving skill, Boston Naming Test for word naming area were used. Results: In this study, while the lowest perfomance on the ability of focused attention, visuospatial cognition, visual scanning, orientation, sustained attention, general ability, short-term memory, learning, long-term memory, word naming was shown by the participants with a history of synthetic cannabis use, the participants with a history of cannabis use had the lowest performance on the ability of response rate, perseveration, conceptualizing, abstract thinking, changing sets, recognition. Participants’ history of substance use did not affect the ability of planning and problem solving. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study suggests that the addition of cognitive rehabilitation programs to medical and psychosocial improvement studies carried out in the field of addiction will increase the success.

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