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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 12>> Özet
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Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi; 2022;6(12):111-125
Bireysel Karşılıklılık Normu Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması ve Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Analizi
E Üzümçeker, S Akfırat
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir
Karşılıklılık, bireylerin diğerlerinin olumlu ve olumsuz davranışlarına aynı şekilde karşılık vermesini salık veren normdur. Bu kavram gerek sosyal psikolojide gerekse diğer sosyal bilimlerde sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Bireysel Karşılıklılık Normu Ölçeği Türkçeye çevrilmiş ve bu çevirinin güvenirlik ve geçerliğine dair bulgular elde edilmiştir. Bu ölçek Pozitif Karşılıklılık Normu (PKN), Negatif Karşılıklılık Normu (NKN) ve Karşılıklılığa İnanç (Kİ) olmak üzere her biri 9 madde içeren 3 alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. 328 üniversite öğrencisinden anket yoluyla veri toplanmış, ölçeğin yapı geçerliği açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile incelenmiştir. Bulgular toplamda 3 maddenin hem açımlayıcı hem doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde beklenen şekilde işlemediğini, diğer maddelerin beklenen faktör yüklerine sahip olduğunu ve modelin uyum değerlerinin yeterli olduğunu göstermiştir (PKN ve NKN için χ²(116)=219, p<0.001, χ²/df=1.887, CFI=0.908, RMSEA=0.051, SRMR=0.060., Kİ için χ²(13)=32.1, p=0.002, χ²/df=2.47, CFI=.915, RMSEA=.066, SRMR=043). Aynı zamanda, beklendiği gibi ölçeğin üç alt boyutu arasında pozitif korelasyon mevcuttur. Ölçeğin alt boyutlarının güvenirlik katsayıları ise PKN için .71, NKN için .76, Karşılıklılık İnancı için ise .62’dir. İlgili bir değişken olan prososyal yönelim ise yalnızca Negatif Karşılıklılık Normu ile negatif korelasyon göstermiştir. Bulgular ölçeğin tatmin edici güvenirlik ve geçerlik değerlerine sahip olduğunu ve karşılıklılık normunu içselleştirme düzeyinde bireysel farklılıkların ölçülmesinde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
The Turkish Adaptation and The Reliability and Validity Analysis of The Personal Norm of Reciprocity Scale
Reciprocity is a norm which suggests that people should reciprocate the negative and positive behaviors of others. This concept is widely used in both social psychology and other social sciences. In this study, The Personal Norm of Reciprocity Scale is translated into the Turkish language and its reliability and validity values are acquired. This scale consists of 3 sub-factors of 9 items, named Positive Reciprocity Norm (PRN), Negative Reciprocity Norm (NRN), and Belief in Reciprocity (BR). A survey is conducted on 328 college students and the structural validity of the scale is examined via an explanatory and a confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicated that 3 of the items failed to function as expected both in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The rest of the items had expected factor loadings and the fit values of the models are satisfactory (?²(116)=219, p<0.001, ?²/df=1.887, CFI=.908, RMSEA=.051, SRMR=.060 for PRN and NRN ?²(13)=32.1, p=0.002, ?²/df=2.47, CFI=.915, RMSEA=.066, SRMR=043 for BR). Moreover, as expected, the three sub-scales of the scales are positively correlated to each other. The reliability coefficient is .71 for PRN, .76 for NRN, and .62 for BR. Prosocial value orientation, a related construct, is only negatively related to the Negative Reciprocity Norm. These results indicate that the scale has satisfactory reliability and validity measures and it can be used to measure the individual differences in the levels of internalization of the norm of reciprocity.

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