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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 22>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2021;9(22):904-924
Zihinselleştirmenin Kültürel Özellikleri ve Psikolojik Belirtiler ile İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Derleme
S Halfon, A Coşkun
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Zihinselleştirme, kişinin kendisinin ve başkalarının davranışlarının arkasında yatan düşünce, istek, niyet, ihtiyaç ve duygu gibi zihin durumlarını anlama ve bunları birbirine bağlayabilme yetisidir. Zihinselleştirmenin kişilik gelişimi ve psikolojik belirtiler üzerine etkisi son yıllarda yaygın olarak çalışılmasına rağmen, kültürel özelliklerin zihinselleştirme ile ilişkisi nispeten az çalışmada ele alınmış ve Türkiye’de bu konu incelenmemiştir. Bu derlemede, zihinselleştirme kavramının gelişimi bireyci ve toplulukçu kültürel yapılar karşılaştırılarak incelenmiştir. Türkiye’de ortaya çıkabilecek farklı zihinselleştirme özelliklerine yer verilmiştir. Bu amaçla, öncelikle zihinselleştirme kuramı, gelişimi ve psikolojik belirti durumlarında ortaya çıkan zihinselleştirme kusurları derlenmiştir. Sonrasında, zihinselleştirmenin kültürel özelliklerden nasıl etkilenebileceği alanyazındaki görgül çalışmalar ışığında tartışılmıştır. Özellikle zihin kuramı gelişimi, duygusal ve bilişsel zihinselleştirme özellikleri, kendi ya da başkası odaklı zihinselleştirme ve son olarak sözel ve örtük zihinselleştirmenin kültürel bağlamdan nasıl etkilenebileceği incelenmiştir. Derlenen çalışmalar, toplulukçu kültürlerde kişilerin başkalarının zihin durumlarına ve herkes tarafından paylaşılan nesnel gözlemlere daha fazla odaklanma eğiliminde olduklarını, öznel deneyimlerini daha az göz önünde bulundurduklarını, öfke gibi sosyal uyumu bozabilecek karşıt duygulardan kaçındıklarını göstermiştir. Ayrıca örtük zihinselleştirme özellikleri kültürel bağlamdan daha az etkilenmektedir. Derlenen çalışmalar doğrultusunda, zihinselleştirme değerlendirmeleri ve klinik müdahalelerin kültüre özgü zihinselleştirme özelliklerine hassasiyet göstererek nasıl düzenlenebileceğine dair öneriler verilmiştir.
A Review on the Cultural Characteristics of Mentalization and Relations with Psychological Symptoms
Mentalization is the ability to surmise the mental states such as thoughts, wishes, intentions, needs and feelings behind one’s own and others’ behaviors. Mentalization has been an important concept in understanding personality development and psychopathology in recent years. However, the cultural factors that affect mentalization is an understudied area, which has also not been investigated in Turkey. In this review, the development of the concept of mentalization will be explored comparing individualistic and collectivistic cultures. The specific mentalization characteristics that may emerge in Turkey are discussed. With this aim, the concept of mentalization, its development and the kinds of mentalization impairments that emerge in psychopathology are discussed. Afterwards, the effects of culture on mentalization are discussed with reference to recent empirical literature. Specifically, the effects of cultural context on the development of theory mind, affective and cognitive mentalization, self and other-focused mentalization, explicit and implicit mentalization are explored. The reviewed studies suggest that in collectivistic cultures, individuals tend to others’ mental states and socially accepted objective norms more than their own internal states and refrain from strong emotions such as anger that may disrupt the social harmony. Moreover implicit mentalization is less affected by culture. Based on the reviewed studies, culturally sensitive suggestions are provided regarding how to conduct mentalization assessments and practices.

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