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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 21>> Özet
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Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2021;9(21):619-636
COVID-19 Önleyici Sağlık Davranışları ile İlişkili Faktörlerin İncelenmesi
S Karaköse, B Akçinar
Işık Üniversitesi,İstanbul
Önleyici sağlık davranışları, hastalığa yakalanmamak ve hastalığın etkilerini en aza indirmek için uygulanan davranışlar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Her hastalığa göre değişen önleyici sağlık davranışları farklı psikososyal değişkenlerden etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ülkemizde COVID-19 pandemisinde, COVID-19 tanısı almış ve almamış bireyler için önleyici sağlık davranışına etki eden psikososyal faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve zaman içerisindeki değişiminin incelenmesidir. Çalışmanın örnekleminin ilk aşamasını 372 COVID-19 tanısı almış (%48.8) ve 375 COVID-19 tanısı almamış (%50.2) toplam 747 kişi oluşturmuştur. Boylamsal olarak tasarlanan çalışmanın ikinci aşaması ise 264 (%51.3) COVID-19 tanısı almış ve 251 (%48.7) COVID-19 tanısı almamış toplam 515 kişiyi içermektedir. Bilgilendirilmiş Onam Formu, Sosyodemografik Bilgi ve Sağlık Formu ile Covid-19 için Belirlenen Önleyici Sağlık Davranışları Anketi gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden katılımcılara, iki ay arayla çevrim içi olarak sunulmuştur. Yapılan gruplar arası fark analizleri sonucunda her iki örneklem grubu için önleyici sağlık davranışına güncel uyum düzeyi ile kronik hastalık varlığına göre farklılık gösterirken, COVID-19 tanısı almış bireylerde evli olmak ve 46 yaş üzerinde olmak anlamlı fark yaratan diğer değişkenlerdir. Ayrıca, tanı durumundan bağımsız olarak zaman içerisinde önleyici sağlık davranışlarının etkinliğine inancın arttığı bulunmuştur. Bulguların, COVID-19 pandemisinde, önleyici sağlık davranışlarına etki eden psikososyal faktörlerin ülkemiz için belirlenerek sağlık uygulamalarına rehberlik edebileceği ve gelecek çalışmalara ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.
Examining Factors Associated with COVID-19 Preventive Health Behaviors
Preventive health behaviors are defined as the behaviors undertaken to avoid getting sick and to minimize the effects of the illness. Preventive health behaviors that vary according to each illness are affected by different psychosocial variables. The aim of this study is to determine the psychosocial factors that affect preventive health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, for both COVID-19 patients and non-patients in Turkey, and examining the changes over time. The participants of the first wave study consisted of a total of 747 people, 372 (%48.8) of them were diagnosed with COVID-19 whereas 375 (%50.2) of them were not diagnosed with COVID-19. The second wave of the study consisted of a total of 515 participants, 264 (%51.3) of them were diagnosed with COVID-19, whereas 251 (%48.7) of them were not diagnosed with COVID-19. In addition to the Informed Consent Form; Socio- Demographic and Health Information Form and COVID-19 Preventive Health Behavior Questionnaire were given to volunteer participants via online survey link, with two months interval. As a result of the analyses, presence of chronic disease made a significant changes in the current level of adaptation to preventive health behavior for both groups. while being married and being over 46 years of age were other variables that made a significant difference in individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. In addition, it was found that belief in the effectiveness of preventive health behaviors increased over time, regardless of the state of diagnosis. It is thought that the findings will guide health practices by identifying psychosocial factors affecting the preventive health behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic, and shed light on the researchers for the future studies.

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