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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 20>> Özet
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Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2021;9(20):452-464
Çevrimiçi Oyunlarda Grup Dinamikleri: Sosyal Kimlik,Normlara Uyma ve Sosyal Davranışlar Açısından Bir GözdenGeçirme
C Atakay
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Muğla
Çevrimiçi çok oyunculu oyunlar, oyunculara yeni insanlarla tanışıp onlarla iletişim kurma veya bir takımın parçası olma gibi sosyal imkânlar sunmaktadır. Grup dinamikleri açısından bakıldığında, oyuncuların bu ortamda gerçek hayattakine benzer dinamikler geliştirdiği görülmektedir. Oyundaki takım üyeliğine bağlı olarak sosyal kimlik edinme ve takımda normlar oluşturup bunlara uyma eğilimi gösterme oyunlarda öne çıkan grup dinamikleridir. Alanyazın incelendiğinde, oyuncuların oyun ortamında genellikle bir iç grup kayırmacılığı sergilediği; başka grup üyelerine yönelik önyargı içerikli normlar benimsedikleri ve gerçek hayattaki bazı kalıpyargıları oyun ortamına da taşıdıkları görülmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak oyuncular oyun ortamında gruplar arası olumsuz davranışlar sergileyebilmektedir. Öte yandan, bazı durumlarda oyunlarda gruplar arası önyargıların azaltılabileceğine ve grup dinamikleri açısından olumlu çıktılar elde edilebileceğine ilişkin bulgular da yer almaktadır. Bu yazıda, öncelikle oyunlarda sosyal kimlik edinme, norm geliştirme ve gruplar arası olumsuz davranışlara ilişkin bazı alanyazın bulgularına yer verilmiş ve oyunların olumsuz norm ve davranışları teşvik eden özelliklerine değinilmiştir. Daha sonra alanyazındaki bulgular ışığında, oyunlardaki olumsuz grup dinamiklerini iyileştirmeye yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Bu açıdan yazının okuyuculara çevrimiçi çok oyunculu oyunlardaki grup dinamikleri konusunda fikir verebileceği; araştırmacılara ve oyun üreticilerine ise nasıl daha olumlu oyun ortamları yaratılabileceği ve bununla birlikte, insanlara olumlu davranışlar kazandırabilmek amacıyla oyunların nasıl kullanılabileceği açısından ışık tutabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Group Dynamics in Online Games: A Literature Review in Terms of Social Identity, Conformity to Normsand Social Behavior
Online multiplayer games offer players social opportunities such as meeting and communicating with new people or being part of a team. From the point of group dynamics, the players develop dynamics similar to real life in the game environment. Players develop social identity based on the team membership in the game, create norms and conform to the norms in the team. Also, it is observed that players generally exhibit in group favoritism in the game environment; they have adopted norms containing prejudices against out group members; and it is seen that they carry some real life stereotypes into the game environment. Accordingly, the players may exhibit negative behaviors between groups in the game environment. Besides, findings indicate that in some cases, intergroup biases can be reduced and positive outcomes can be obtained in games, in terms of group dynamics. In this article, firstly, some findings of the literature on social identity acquisition, norm development and negative behaviors between groups are given and the features of games that encourage negative norms and behaviors are mentioned. Then, in the light of the findings in the literature, suggestions were made to improve the negative group dynamics in games. In this respect, the article can give readers an idea about group dynamics in online multiplayer games; it is thought that it can shed light to researchers and game producers on how to create more positive game environments and, beyond this, how games can be used to give people positive behavior.

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