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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 32; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2021;32(1):51-55
Ruh Sağlığı Yasası Taslağının Yurt Dışı Bir Uygulama Örneği Işığında Adli Psikiyatrik Açıdan Gözden Geçirilmesi
S Ak, R Arıkan
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Amaç: Dünyanın pek çok ülkesinde özel bir Ruh Sağlığı Yasası vardır. Ülkemiz de bir ruh sağlığı yasasına kavuşmak üzeredir. Ruh sağlığı alanında faaliyet gösteren sivil toplum örgütleri Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği öncülüğünde bu hususta emek vererek, mevcut yasa taslağının ortaya çıkmasına güçlü katkıda bulunmuştur. Taslak uzun yıllar verilen emek ile olgunlaştırılmış, son haline yakın bir duruma getirilmiş ve TBMM’de kanun teklifi hüviyeti kazanarak işleme alınmıştır. Bu gözden geçirmede, yasanın Adli Psikiyatri açısından önemi, getirecekleri, sorun yaratma ihtimali bulunan yönleri ve bunlara dayanarak bilim insanı kimliği ile yapacağımız önerilerimiz yer alacaktır. Yöntem: Henüz son hali verilmemiş bu taslak ayrıntılı bir biçimde incelenmiş, özellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin (ABD) Massachusetts eyaletindeki benzeri yasalar, uygulamalar ve tecrübeler ışığında, Türkiye’de kabul edilmesi düşünülen yasanın içeriği karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Yasanın tümü üzerinde genel bir değerlendirme yapacak olur isek; daha önceden hiç olmayan bazı düzenlemelerin metinde yer aldığı, yasanın ruh sağlığı çalışma alanında görülen bir takım dağınık uygulamaları derleyici özelliğinin bulunduğu, insan haklarına ve ilgili uluslararası sözleşmelere genel olarak uygun olduğu; bunun yanında bazı hususların ise pratikte sorun yaratma ihtimalinin bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Bu gözden geçirmede, benzer yasaların uzun zamandan beri uygulanageldiği ABD’nin bir eyaletindeki tecrübelerimizden de yola çıkarak, bir takım hususlara değinmeyi amaçladık. Her iki ülke uygulamalarının birebir karşılaştırılmasından ziyade, buradaki tecrübelerimiz ışığında taslağın mevcut haliyle yasalaşması durumunda getireceği olumlu katkılar ve bunun yanında meslektaşlarımızın karşılaşabileceği muhtemel sorunlara da dikkat çekmek istedik.
A Forensic Psychiatric Perspective on the Draft Mental Health Act of Turkey in Light of Similar Laws and Practice in a ForeignJurisdiction
Objective: Designated Acts for issues related to mental health are in force in many countries throughout the world. A mental health act is also expected to be approved in Turkey soon. Under the leadership of the Psychiatric Association of Turkey, non-governmental organizations operating in the field of mental health has contributed to the emergence of a comprehensive draft. The current draft, after extensive discussion and reiterations for almost a decade, was brought to a state close to its final form and accepted as a draft bill, ready to be legislated in the Turkish Grand National Assembly. This review will discuss the potential impact of the law in matters involving Forensic Psychiatry, and present our recommendations. Method: Current draft, which has not yet been finalized, was compared to similar statutes in Massachusetts, USA, and potential benefits and pitfalls were discussed in light of experience with these laws in this jurisdiction. Results: The draft introduces several new concepts and practices which have never existed in Turkey before. It also attempts to organize some of the existing de facto clinical practices in a uniform manner. As a whole, it appears to be in compliance with human rights and related international treaties. However, it is likely that some of the sections might have compliance issues in daily practice. Conclusion: In this review, we aimed to draw attention to a number of issues, based on our experience in Massachusetts, USA, where similar laws have been in force for a very long time. Rather than literally comparing the statutes in both jurisdictions, we attempted to emphasize positive aspects as well as likely problems that we might encounter should Turkish draft be legislated in the present form.

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