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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 32; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2021;32(1):17-25
Madde Kullanan Ergenlerin Problem Çözme, Karar Verme Becerileri, Duygusal Tepkisellik Düzeyleri ve Anne TutumlarınınDeğerlendirilmesi: Olgu-Kontrol Çalışması
Ö Bilaç, Arif Önder, C Kavurma, A Eslek, G Uzunoğlu, Ş Yalın Sapmaz, H Kandemir
Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Manisa
Amaç: Madde kullanım bozukluklarının ortaya çıkmasında ergenlere ve aileye ait bir çok risk faktörü bildirilmektedir. Bilebildiğimiz kadarıyla yazında madde kullanan ergenlerde duygusal tepkisellik, problem çözme ve karar verme becerileri, anne tutumları ve bu değişkenlerin bağımlılık şiddeti üzerine etkilerinin aynı örneklemde incelendiği bir araştırma bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmamızda tüm bu değişkenleri ve bağımlılık şiddeti üzerine olan etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Çocuk Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları polikliniğine madde kullanımı nedeniyle başvuran 14 ile 17 yaş aralığında olan 40 ergen ve herhangi bir psikiyatrik rahatsızlığı olmayan yaş ve cinsiyet açısından örneklem grubuna eşleştirilmiş 40 sağlıklı ergen çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Ergenlerin tanıları Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği Mental Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı, Beşinci Baskısı (DSM-5)’na dayalı klinik görüşme ile belirlenmiştir. Her iki gruba sosyodemografik bilgi formu, Aile Hayatı ve Çocuk Yetiştirme Tutumu Ölçeği, Ergenlerde Karar Verme Ölçeği, Problem Çözme Envanteri, DSM-5 Düzey 2 İrritabilite Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Madde kullanımı olan gruba ayrıca Bağımlılık Profil İndeksi Ergen Formu uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Madde kullanan ergenlerin sağlıklı ergenlere göre problem çözme becerilerinin daha düşük olduğu, madde kullanan grupta ebeveynin ve ergenin doldurduğu irritabilite ölçek puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Karar vermede umursamazlığın bağımlılık şiddetini yordadığı, karar vermede umursamazlık arttıkça bağımlılık şiddetinin de anlamlı düzeyde arttığı belirlendi. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda elde edilen bulgular değerlendirildiğinde ergenlik döneminde madde kullanımında aile tutumları ile birlikte ergenin problem çözme, karar verme becerilerinin ve duygusal tepkisellik düzeyinin etkisi bulunmaktadır. Önleyici ve tedavi edici yaklaşımlarda bu değişkenler göz önünde tutulmalıdır.
Maternal Attitudes, Irritability, Problem Solving Skills and Decision Making in Adolescents with Substance Use:Case-control Study
Objective: Multiple risk factors affect the emergence of substance use disorders among adolescents and their families. To the best of our knowledge, the effects of irritability, problem solving, decision making skills and maternal attitudes on the severity of the substance use have not been evaluated on the same population. We aimed to evaluate the presence and the effects all of these variables on the severity of substance dependence. Method: The study included 40 adolescents, between 14 and 17 years of age, consulting the Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases outpatient clinics with complaints of substance use and 40 age and gender matched healthy controls. The diagnoses were based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Both groups completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Parent Attitude Research Instrument (PARI), the Adolescent Decision Making Questionnaire (ADMQ), the ProblemSolving Inventory (PSI) and the DSM-5 Level 2 Irritability Scale. The patient group were also tested on the Addiction Profile Index for Adolescents (API-AF). Results: Problem solving skills scores of the patients were lower and the scores on the irritability scale completed by the patients and their parents were higher as compared to the control group. Complacency (indifference) in decision-making predicted the severity of the addiction. As the complacency in decision-making increased, the severity of addiction also increased. Conclusion: Our results indicated that problem solving and decisionmaking skills and irritability levels of the adolescents together with the family attitudes, affect substance use disorder in adolescence. These variables should be considered in preventive and therapeutic approaches.

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