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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 19>> Özet
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Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2021;9(19):176-189
Göz Hareketleriyle Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme (EMDR) Terapisi ve Uzun Dönemli Etkileri
K Akkuş, G Durna
Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir
Göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR) terapisi ilk ortaya çıktığı günden bu yana oldukça dikkat çeken ve tartışılan bir terapi yaklaşımıdır. Farklı terapi ekollerinin çeşitli bileşenlerini bütünleştiren EMDR, yapılandırılmış ve kısa süreli bir terapi yaklaşımıdır. İlk olarak travmatik belirtilerin azaltılmasında kullanılmışken, son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar EMDR’nin farklı bozuklukların tedavisinde de yararlı olabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, EMDR’nin çeşitli bozukluklardaki uzun dönem etkililiği incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla EMDR’nin travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB), kaygı bozuklukları ve depresif bozukluklar gibi sık görülen psikiyatrik sorunlarda etkililiğini araştıran ve en az 3 aylık izlem ölçümlerini içeren çalışmalar derlemeye dahil edilmiştir. Gözden geçirilen çok sayıda kontrollü çalışma EMDR’nin, TSSB tedavisinde güvenilir bir tedavi yöntemi olduğunu ve tedavi kazanımlarının uzun dönemde korunduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca son dönemde yapılan kısıtlı sayıdaki çalışmalar EMDR’nin tek uçlu depresyon, panik bozukluk ve obsesif kompülsif bozukluk tedavisinde umut vaat edici sonuçlar verdiğini göstermektedir. Bu az sayıdaki çalışmaların sonuçları genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, EMDR’nin bekleme listelerine kıyasla daha etkili olduğu ve bilişsel davranışçı terapi gibi güçlü ampirik desteğe sahip terapi yaklaşımlarıyla da karşılaştırılabilir bir etkiye sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Ancak güvenilir sonuçlara ulaşabilmek için geniş örneklemlerde daha uzun süreli izlem çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır.
Eyes Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy and Its Long-Term Effects
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychotherapeutic approach that has drew considerable attention and become controversial since its development. EMDR, which integrates various components of different psychotherapy schools, is a structured and short-term therapy approach. While it was initially used to reduce traumatic symptoms, recent studies indicate that EMDR may also be efficient in the treatment of various disorders. In this review, the long-term efficacy of EMDR in several disorders was investigated. For this purpose, the studies that examined the effectiveness of EMDR in common psychiatric problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders and depressive disorders with at least 3-months follow-up measurements were included. Numerous controlled studies show that EMDR is a reliable method for the treatment of PTSD and treatment gains have been maintained in the long term. Moreover, a limited number of studies recently conducted indicate that EMDR gives promising results in the treatment of unipolar depression, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. All in all, it can be concluded that EMDR is more effective than waiting lists and has an effect comparable with empirically supported therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy. However, the long-term follow-up studies with larger sample sizes are needed to reach reliable results.

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