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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 23; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2020;23(4):495-502
Klozapinin nadir görülen ciddi yan etkileri
Ö Uzun
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Ankara
Klozapin, 1970'lerde klinik kullanıma sunulan dibenzodiyazepin grubundan bir atipik antipsikotik ilaçtır. Ancak, tedaviye dirençli şizofreni hastaları için hala altın standart ajan olarak kalmaya devam etmektedir. Hem pozitif hem de negatif belirtiler üzerinde kanıtlanmış etkililiğinin yanı sıra saldırgan davranış, hostilite, alkolmadde kullanımı ve intihar eğiliminin azaltılmasında da yararlıdır. Hem doğal hem de doğal olmayan nedenlerden ötürü gelişen mortalite riskini azalttığı gösterilmiştir. Şizofrenide gösterdiği etkililiğe karşın potansiyel ciddi yan etkileri yaygın kullanımını sınırlandırmaktadır. Klozapin dopaminerjik, serotonerjik, adrenerjik, muskarinik ve histaminik reseptörleri bloke edici özelliklere sahiptir. Dolayısıyla yan etkilerinin çoğu farmakolojik profiline dayanılarak öngörülebilir. Klozapin, yaşamı tehdit eden agranülositoza gidebilen reversibl nötropeni ile ilişkilidir. Diğer potansiyel ciddi yan etkileri arasında konvulsif nöbetler, miyokardit, kardiyomiyopati, iskemik kolitis ve paralitik ileus sayılabilir. Daha yaygın görülen ve daha az ciddi yan etkileri sedasyon, hipersalivasyon, taşikardi, hipotansiyon, hipertansiyon, konstipasyondur. Yan etkiler sıklıkla hastaların tedaviye uyumsuzluğuna veya tedavinin kesilmesine neden olur. Bunlar genellikle tıbbi olarak yönetilebilir ve hasta tarafından tolere edilebilir yan etkilerdir. Yeterli bilgi, olası ciddi yan etkilere karşı klinik farkındalık ve hızlı müdahale klozapin tedavisine bağlı morbidite ve mortaliteyi önemli ölçüde azaltabilir, tedaviye uyumu artırabilir. Bu yazının amacı, klozapinin potansiyel olarak yaşamı tehdit eden yan etkilerine odaklanarak bir güncelleme sağlamaktır.
Rare serious adverse effects of clozapine
Clozapine remains still the gold standard agent for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. In addition to its proven efficacy on both positive and negative symptoms in refractory schizophrenia, clozapine is useful in reducing aggressive behavior, hostility, comorbid use of alcohol and drugs, as well as reducing suicidality in schizophrenia. It has significant dopaminergic, serotonergic, adrenergic, muscarinic and histaminic blocking properties; and thus most of its adverse effects can be predicted on the basis of its pharmacological profile. Despite its demonstrated efficacy in schizophrenia, the widespread use of clozapine has been limited by the potential for adverse effects. Clozapine can cause reversible neutropenia, which may progress to potentially fatal agranulocytosis. Other potentially serious adverse effects of clozapine include seizures, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy. Less serious and more common side effects of clozapine including sedation, hypersalivation, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, weight gain, and gastrointestinal hypomotility can often be managed medically and are generally tolerated by the patient. These side effects often lead either to non-compliance or discontinuation of treatment by patients. The majority of patients did not report that the side effects affect their activities of daily living or they cause personal distress. Appropriate management of clozapine side effects facilitates the maximization of the benefits of clozapine treatment, and physicians and patients alike should be aware that there is a range of benefits to clozapine use that is wider than its risks. The aim of this article is to provide an update by focusing on the potentially lifethreatening side effects of clozapine

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