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Yıl:2015; Cilt: ; Sayı: 23>> Özet
Yansıtma: Psikopatoloji ve Projektif Testler Dergisi; 2015;(23):125-144
Psikozlarda Kayıp Sorunsalı: Kuramsal ve Metapsikolojik Çağrışımlar
FD Camps (Çeviren: E Aybay)
Şizofrenik işleyişin temsili olan duygulanım eksikliğine karşın kişide depresif duygulanım belirtileri, nesne temsilleriyle olan ilişide duygulanım kapasitesinin varlığını veya tekrar kazanılabildiğini göstermesi bakımından olumlu bir anlam taşır. Gerçekten de Kleinyen yazarların belirttikleri gibi depresif belirtiler psikotik savunmaların azalmasına faydalı oluyor mudur? Şizofreni hastası olan bireylerin kayıp sorunsalıyla hiç uğraşmadıklarını ileri sürmek olsa olsa düşüncenin bir yanılsaması sayılabilir. Böyle bir görüş bu kişilerin ruhsal işleyişlerini tamamen yetersiz gören bir bakış açısı geliştirmekle ilgilidir. Biz ise bunun tersine şizofrenide kayıpla ilgili sorunsalın olduğunu ancak işlenmediğini ya da farklı olarak işlendiğini düşünüyoruz. Nitekim yas veya melankoli modeline göre olan kaybın sağaltım biçiminin dissosiyatif psikozlara uygulanamayacağına hiç şüphemiz yoktur. Ayrılma yetisi (kapasitesi), hüzün duygusu, kaybı hissedip onu kabullenmek gibi durumlar şizofrenide köklü bir inkâr mekanizmasıyla kendini belli etmektedir. Şizofrenide kayıp sorunsalı kaybın kendisinden çok onu anlamlandırma yani kayıp nesneyle ilgili düşiünebilme sorunsalıdır. Eğer şizofrenlerde kaybın temsili ve duygulanımlar kavranamıyor ve deneyimlenemiyorsa bunların nedeni büyük olasılıkla uyandıracakları acıyla ilgilidir ama terk edip giden kayıp nesneye duyulan nefret duygusu da başka bir neden olarak düşünülebilir. Kısacası kayıp sorunsalı ve depresif duygulanımlar bize göre şizofreni hastalığında merkezi bir rol oynar. Kaybın temsili ve depresif duygulanımlar ben/nesne ayrımlaşmasının en az düzeyde işlenmiş olduğuna ve temel narsisistik yatırımın varlığına işaret ederler. Bunlar çok sağlam olmasa da içsel bir oluşumun ve öznelliğin varlığı anlamına gelmektedir.
The Problematic of Loss in Psychosis: Theoretical and Metapsychological Associations
"In response to the deficiency of affect which is the representative of schizophrenic functioning, the symptoms of depressive affect are significant in order to show the capacity of affect or the regaining of this capacity with the object representations. Is it true that the depressive symptoms do support the decrease of psychotic symptoms as the Kleinian authors put forward? It should be at the most a thought delusion to assert that schizophrenic individuals do not deal with the problematic of object loss. Such a point of view is related to developing an idea of looking at the mental functioning of these individuals as totally deficient. In contrast, we believe that in schizophrenia, there is a problematic related to object loss but it is either not processed or processed differently. But we do not have any doubt on the fact that loss can not be treated according to the model of mourning or melancholia in dissociative psychosis. The states such as the capacity of separation, the affect of sadness, feeling loss and accepting it show themselves with a radical denial mechanism. The problematic of loss in schizophrenia is related to the ability to give meaning that is to think about the lost object rather than the loss itself. If the representation of loss and depressive affects cannot be conceived and experienced in schizophrenics, the reason of all these is most probably related to the pain they evoke; but the feeling of hatred to the lost object that has left and gone away can be thought of as another reason. In short, the problematic of loss and depressive affect play a decisive role in the disorder of schizophrenia according to us. The representation of loss and depressive feelings refer to the fact that the self/object differentiation is processed at the lowest level and the existence of fundamental narcissistic cathexis. These signify the presence of an inner creation and subjectivity even though they are not so strong."

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